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Surah 93 · Makkah · 11 āyāt

Phase 01 · Ḥirāʾ and the first call(c. 13–11 BH) — view in timeline

Ad-DuhāThe Morning Brightness

الضحى

A short Makkan surah revealed to console the Prophet ﷺ during a pause in revelation. It moves from an oath by light and stillness, to a direct reassurance, to evidence drawn from his own life story, and finally to three obligations that turn comfort received into comfort given.

Why it was revealed

Revelation paused for a period (fatrat al-waḥy). The Prophet ﷺ was grieved, and some of the Quraysh taunted him, saying his Lord had abandoned him.

Drawn fromṢaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 3; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4950; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1051 (richness is richness of the soul); Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1797; al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān on 93:7; Ibn Kathīr on 93:6; Ibn Kathīr on 93:8; Ibn Hishām, al-Sīrah

Jundub ibn Sufyān reported: the Prophet ﷺ fell ill and did not stand for prayer for a night or two. A woman came and said, 'Muhammad, I think your devil has left you.' Then Allah revealed: 'By the morning brightness, and the night when it settles, your Lord has not forsaken you, nor has He detested you.'

Cited toṢaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4950; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1797

In the Prophet's ﷺ life

Lossc. 53–45 BH · Age Birth – 8 · Makkah / Abwāʾ

Orphaned before birth and in childhood

His father ʿAbdullāh died before he was born, his mother Āminah when he was about six, and his grandfather ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib two years later — then his uncle Abū Ṭālib took him in.

Recalled in āyah 6

أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَـَٔاوَىٰ

Did He not find you an orphan and give [you] refuge?

Cited toIbn Hishām, al-Sīrah; Ibn Kathīr on 93:6

  • Madd — 2 vowels
  • Madd — 2, 4 or 6 vowels
  • Madd — 6 vowels (lāzim)
  • Madd — 4 or 5 vowels (wājib)
  • Ghunnah — 2 vowels
  • Qalqalah
  • Ikhfāʾ
  • Ikhfāʾ shafawī
  • Idghām shafawī
  • Idghām with ghunnah
  • Idghām without ghunnah
  • Idghām mutajānisayn
  • Idghām mutaqāribayn
  • Iqlāb
  • Hamzat al-waṣl
  • Lām shamsiyyah
  • Silent letter

Tajwīd markup and colour convention: Quran.com API (v4) — text_uthmani_tajweed. Recitation audio: Quran.com / Quran Foundation Audio API (v4).

THEME 01Āyāt 1–2

The oath: light and stillness both come from Him

Allah swears by the morning brightness and by the night when it settles. Both are His, both are mercy. The bright morning of revelation and the quiet night of its pause come from the same hand.

Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm

1

وَٱلضُّحَىٰ

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By the morning brightness

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2

وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَىٰ

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And [by] the night when it covers with darkness,

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From the tafsīr

Allah swears by the day when its light spreads and by the night when it grows still and dark — a pairing that shows His full control over both states.

Cited toIbn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm

Al-ḍuḥā is the early forenoon when the sun has risen; sajā means the night became calm and settled — quiet, not hostile.

Cited toAl-Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān

Key takeaways

  • Silence from Allah is not absence — night is part of the same design as day.

    Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm

  • The oath is chosen to fit the complaint: the one who feels darkness is reminded who made the dark.

    Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm

Reflect

What 'night' are you currently reading as abandonment?

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Check yourself

0 / 2 correct

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Question 1 of 2

How is the night characterised by the word sajā?

Question 2 of 2

Why are morning light and night placed together in these oaths?

THEME 02Āyāt 3–5

The reassurance: you were never left

The core answer: your Lord has neither said farewell to you nor detested you. Then a promise that widens — the next life is better than this one, and He will keep giving until you are content.

Drawn fromAl-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān; Ibn Kathīr

3

مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَىٰ

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Your Lord has not taken leave of you, [O Muḥammad], nor has He detested [you].

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4

وَلَلْـَٔاخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَّكَ مِنَ ٱلْأُولَىٰ

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And the Hereafter is better for you than the first [life].

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5

وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَىٰٓ

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And your Lord is going to give you, and you will be satisfied.

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From the tafsīr

'He has not forsaken you' — He has not abandoned you; 'nor detested you' — nor has He hated you. It is a rebuttal of exactly what the taunters claimed.

Cited toIbn Kathīr

'And your Lord is going to give you, and you will be satisfied' — a general promise of increase in this world and the next, including his intercession for his ummah.

Cited toAl-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān

Key takeaways

  • Allah answers the accusation directly, using the same words the mockers used.

    Drawn fromAl-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān; Ibn Kathīr

  • Comfort here is not 'your problem will end' but 'your Lord's relationship with you has not changed'.

    Drawn fromAl-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān; Ibn Kathīr

  • The promise is measured by your contentment, not by a quantity.

    Drawn fromAl-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān; Ibn Kathīr

Reflect

Where are you measuring Allah's love by circumstance rather than by His word?

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Check yourself

0 / 2 correct

Answer from memory before scrolling back — retrieval is what makes it stick.

Questions and options are reshuffled and reworded each attempt

Question 1 of 2

How is the promise of āyah 5 measured?

Question 2 of 2

Whose claim is mā waddaʿaka rabbuka wa mā qalā answering?

THEME 03Āyāt 6–8

The evidence: read your own life backwards

Three rhetorical questions, each naming a lack and then Allah's response to it: orphan → shelter, lost → guidance, poor → sufficiency. The proof of future care is documented past care.

Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī, Taysīr al-Karīm al-Raḥmān; Ibn Kathīr

6

أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَـَٔاوَىٰ

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Did He not find you an orphan and give [you] refuge?

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7

وَوَجَدَكَ ضَآلًّا فَهَدَىٰ

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And He found you lost and guided [you],

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8

وَوَجَدَكَ عَآئِلًا فَأَغْنَىٰ

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And He found you poor and made [you] self-sufficient.

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From the tafsīr

He found you an orphan and sheltered you with Abū Ṭālib; found you unaware of the Book and faith and taught you; found you poor and made you free of need.

Cited toIbn Kathīr

The One who took care of you in your weakest states will not neglect you now — this is an argument from His established habit with you.

Cited toAl-Saʿdī, Taysīr al-Karīm al-Raḥmān

Key takeaways

  • Gratitude is an evidence-gathering exercise: list what He already did.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī, Taysīr al-Karīm al-Raḥmān; Ibn Kathīr

  • Guidance is a gift given, not a merit earned.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī, Taysīr al-Karīm al-Raḥmān; Ibn Kathīr

  • Every verse pairs a hardship with its outcome — never a hardship alone.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī, Taysīr al-Karīm al-Raḥmān; Ibn Kathīr

Reflect

Write your own three verses: 'He found me ___, and He ___.'

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Check yourself

0 / 2 correct

Answer from memory before scrolling back — retrieval is what makes it stick.

Questions and options are reshuffled and reworded each attempt

Question 1 of 2

What kind of argument do āyāt 6–8 make?

Question 2 of 2

What is meant by his being found ḍāllan before guidance came?

THEME 04Āyāt 9–11

The response: pass the mercy on

Each favour becomes a duty in the same order: you were an orphan, so do not oppress the orphan; you were in need, so do not repel the one who asks; you were given, so speak of your Lord's favour.

Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī; Ibn Kathīr

9

فَأَمَّا ٱلْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ

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So as for the orphan, do not oppress [him].

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10

وَأَمَّا ٱلسَّآئِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ

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And as for the petitioner, do not repel [him].

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11

وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ

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But as for the favor of your Lord, report [it].

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From the tafsīr

Treat the orphan as you would have wanted to be treated; do not rebuff the beggar but respond gently; and mention Allah's blessing upon you — 'to speak of the blessing is gratitude'.

Cited toIbn Kathīr

Ḥaddith (speak of it) includes teaching and calling others to what you were given, not boasting about it.

Cited toAl-Qurṭubī

Key takeaways

  • Mercy received creates an obligation to be merciful, matched one-to-one.

    Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī; Ibn Kathīr

  • Gratitude has a tongue: naming the blessing out loud is part of thanking for it.

    Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī; Ibn Kathīr

  • Kindness to the vulnerable is treated as worship, not optional charity.

    Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī; Ibn Kathīr

Reflect

Which of the three duties is easiest for you to skip this week?

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Check yourself

0 / 2 correct

Answer from memory before scrolling back — retrieval is what makes it stick.

Questions and options are reshuffled and reworded each attempt

Question 1 of 2

What is the link between the favours in 6–8 and the commands in 9–11?

Question 2 of 2

What does ḥaddith ('speak of it') include?

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VOCABULARY

Roots from this surah

Learn the three-letter root and you unlock every word built from it — across the whole Qur'an, not just this surah.

ر ب ب

āyāt 3, 5, 11

to nurture, raise, own and sustain something to completion

  • رَبّlord, sustainer
  • رَبَّىٰhe raised, nurtured
  • رِبِّيّdevoted to the Lord

و ج د

āyāt 6, 7, 8

to find, to come upon

  • وَجَدَhe found
  • وُجُودexistence
  • وِجْدَانfeeling, inner sense

ي ت م

āyāt 6, 9

to be alone, left without a father

  • يَتِيمorphan
  • يَتِيمَةa unique, unmatched thing

ه د ي

āyāt 7

to guide gently toward a goal

  • هُدًىguidance
  • هَدِيَّةgift
  • هَادِيguide

غ ن ي

āyāt 8

to be free of need, self-sufficient

  • غَنِيّrich, independent
  • أَغْنَىٰhe made [someone] free of need
  • ٱسْتَغْنَىٰhe considered himself beyond need

ن ع م

āyāt 11

softness, ease — hence a blessing that makes life soft

  • نِعْمَةfavour, blessing
  • نَعِيمbliss
  • أَنْعَمَhe bestowed

Carry this with you

  • A pause is not a rejection.
  • Your past is the proof of your future care.
  • Every mercy you received names someone you now owe mercy to.
  • Speaking about Allah's favour is an act of gratitude, not pride.

Where this surah connects

Cross-surah threads

Parts of the Qurʾān explain other parts. Each thread below opens the same subject as it is argued across every other surah you have studied, in revelation order.

Provision, wealth and the tongue that forgets2 movementsPatience while the answer is delayed2 movementsThe four trials1 movementThe signs you already walk on1 movement
All threads →

Sources behind Sūrah Ad-Duhā

Every line of context, tafsīr and takeaway on this page traces back to one of these references. Ḥadīth numbers open on sunnah.com and āyah references open on quran.com, so you can check the claim rather than take it on trust. The Arabic text itself is fetched live from a verified public corpus.

Seerah & history1

  • Ibn Hishām, al-Sīrah
FINAL ASSESSMENT

Full exam — the whole surah, from memory

Every question from every theme, interleaved and reworded. Interleaving is what turns recognition into recall. Each answer updates your review schedule, your mistakes list and your mastery score for that theme.

Ad-Duhā — full exam

1 / 8 · 0 correct

8 questions across 4 themes.

Ad-Duhā · The response: pass the mercy on

How do āyāt 9–11 relate to āyāt 6–8?

Arabic (Uthmānī script) and the Ṣaḥīḥ International translation are fetched live from the Quran.com API (v4), sourced from the King Fahd Complex muṣḥaf — api.quran.com API docs · Translation: Ṣaḥīḥ International · Integrity & testing protocol