Surah 27 · Makkah · 93 āyāt

Phase 03 · The boycott and the Year of Sorrow(c. 7–5 BH) — view in timeline

An-NamlThe Ant

النمل

The 48th surah revealed, from the third Makkan phase. It opens by naming itself a book of clear signs and guidance, then tells four intertwined stories of prophets given knowledge and power — Mūsā at the burning bush, Sulaymān commanding the ant and the hoopoe and receiving Bilqīs's submission, Ṣāliḥ and Thamūd, and Lūṭ — before closing with a sustained argument from creation for Allah's oneness. Its central thread is gratitude: knowledge and power are trials that either humble a soul toward its Lord, as with Sulaymān, or inflate it into arrogance, as with Thamūd's chiefs.

Why it was revealed

Revealed at a time when the Prophet ﷺ and the believers faced mounting mockery and hard-heartedness from Quraysh, while Makkan trade caravans carried word of the ruined dwellings of Thamūd and the overturned towns of Lūṭ's people that lay along their own trade routes to Syria and Yemen.

Drawn fromQurʾān 20:9–24, 28:29–35; al-Qurṭubī on 27:44; al-Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān on 27:18; al-Suyūṭī, al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān (order of revelation); al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān on 27:22; Ibn Kathīr on 27:17–19; Ibn Kathīr on 27:20–26; Ibn Kathīr on 27:27–44; Ibn Kathīr on 27:45–53; Ibn Kathīr on 27:54–58; Ibn Kathīr on 27:7–12; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm, introduction to Sūrat al-Naml; Ibn Isḥāq's account of Thamūd as summarised by Ibn Hishām, al-Sīrah

There is no single, specific occasion of revelation (sabab al-nuzūl) transmitted with a sound chain for this surah as a whole; classical exegetes place it among the surahs revealed in sequence during the later Makkan years without attaching it to one incident. Any claim of a specific isolated occasion beyond this should be treated with caution.

Cited toIbn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm, introduction to Sūrat al-Naml; al-Suyūṭī, al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān (order of revelation)

In the Prophet's ﷺ life

RevelationPre-Islamic era, era of Banī Isrāʾīl · Age N/A — recounted, not witnessed by the Prophet ﷺ · Mount al-Ṭūr, Sinai

Mūsā's family and the fire at al-Ṭūr

Mūsā عليه السلام saw a fire on the mountainside while travelling with his family and went to bring word or a burning stick, only to be addressed by Allah Himself and given the staff and the shining hand as signs.

  • Madd — 2 vowels
  • Madd — 2, 4 or 6 vowels
  • Madd — 6 vowels (lāzim)
  • Madd — 4 or 5 vowels (wājib)
  • Ghunnah — 2 vowels
  • Qalqalah
  • Ikhfāʾ
  • Ikhfāʾ shafawī
  • Idghām shafawī
  • Idghām with ghunnah
  • Idghām without ghunnah
  • Idghām mutajānisayn
  • Idghām mutaqāribayn
  • Iqlāb
  • Hamzat al-waṣl
  • Lām shamsiyyah
  • Silent letter

Tajwīd markup and colour convention: Quran.com API (v4) — text_uthmani_tajweed. Recitation audio: Quran.com / Quran Foundation Audio API (v4).

THEME 01Āyāt 1–14

Ṭā-Sīn: a book that is guidance and glad tidings

The surah opens with disjointed letters and a description of the Qurʾān as clear verses, guidance and glad tidings for believers, while those who deny the Hereafter are veiled by their own deeds. The scene then moves to Mūsā at the fire, receiving the staff and the shining hand as signs to Firʿawn's people — who rejected them out of injustice and arrogance despite inner certainty.

Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān on 27:14; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm

1

طسٓ ۚ تِلْكَ ءَايَـٰتُ ٱلْقُرْءَانِ وَكِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ

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Ṭā, Seen. These are the verses of the Qur’ān [i.e., recitation] and a clear Book

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2

هُدًى وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ

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As guidance and good tidings for the believers

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From the tafsīr

Ṭā-Sīn are among the disjointed letters whose precise meaning is known to Allah alone; what follows describes the Qurʾān as āyāt of a clear, clarifying Book.

Cited toIbn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm

Firʿawn's people rejected the signs 'wrongfully and arrogantly, while their own selves were convinced of them (wa-stayqanathā anfusuhum)' — denial here is a moral failure, not an intellectual one.

Cited toAl-Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-Aḥkām al-Qurʾān on 27:14

Key takeaways

Reflect

Where have you sensed the truth of something yet resisted acting on it out of pride?

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Question 1 of 2

According to al-Qurṭubī, why did Firʿawn's people reject Mūsā's signs?

Question 2 of 2

What two qualities does the surah's opening ascribe to the Qurʾān?

THEME 02Āyāt 15–26

The ant's warning and the hoopoe's report: creatures with knowledge

Sulaymān and Dāwūd are given knowledge and made to say 'praise be to Allah who favoured us over many of His believing servants.' Sulaymān inherits Dāwūd, is taught the speech of birds, and commands an army of jinn, men and birds. An ant warns her colony of the approaching army; Sulaymān, hearing her, smiles and prays in gratitude. Later he notices the hoopoe missing, threatens punishment, then hears its report of Sabaʾ's sun-worshipping queen.

Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī on 27:19; Al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān on 27:22; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm on 27:16

16

وَوَرِثَ سُلَيْمَـٰنُ دَاوُۥدَ ۖ وَقَالَ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ عُلِّمْنَا مَنطِقَ ٱلطَّيْرِ وَأُوتِينَا مِن كُلِّ شَىْءٍ ۖ إِنَّ هَـٰذَا لَهُوَ ٱلْفَضْلُ ٱلْمُبِينُ

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And Solomon inherited David. He said, "O people, we have been taught the language of birds, and we have been given from all things. Indeed, this is evident bounty."

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18

حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَتَوْا۟ عَلَىٰ وَادِ ٱلنَّمْلِ قَالَتْ نَمْلَةٌ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّمْلُ ٱدْخُلُوا۟ مَسَـٰكِنَكُمْ لَا يَحْطِمَنَّكُمْ سُلَيْمَـٰنُ وَجُنُودُهُۥ وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ

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Until, when they came upon the valley of the ants, an ant said, "O ants, enter your dwellings that you not be crushed by Solomon and his soldiers while they perceive not."

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19

فَتَبَسَّمَ ضَاحِكًا مِّن قَوْلِهَا وَقَالَ رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِىٓ أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ ٱلَّتِىٓ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَىَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَٰلِدَىَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَـٰلِحًا تَرْضَىٰهُ وَأَدْخِلْنِى بِرَحْمَتِكَ فِى عِبَادِكَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَ

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So [Solomon] smiled, amused at her speech, and said, "My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to do righteousness of which You approve. And admit me by Your mercy into [the ranks of] Your righteous servants."

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22

فَمَكَثَ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ فَقَالَ أَحَطتُ بِمَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِۦ وَجِئْتُكَ مِن سَبَإٍۭ بِنَبَإٍ يَقِينٍ

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But he [i.e., the hoopoe] stayed not long and said, "I have encompassed [in knowledge] that which you have not encompassed, and I have come to you from Sheba with certain news.

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From the tafsīr

'We have been taught the speech of birds' (manṭiq al-ṭayr) — a specific gift given to Sulaymān among prophets, alongside command over the jinn and the wind.

Cited toIbn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm on 27:16

Sulaymān's smile and prayer — 'my Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favour' — came directly upon hearing the ant, showing that gratitude is the fitting response to being shown one's own power and its limits.

Cited toAl-Qurṭubī on 27:19

The hoopoe's claim to have grasped 'what you have not grasped' from Sabaʾ is not arrogance on the bird's part but a report of information Sulaymān genuinely lacked — knowledge is not owned by rank alone.

Cited toAl-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān on 27:22

Key takeaways

Reflect

When was the last time someone with less standing than you taught you something you didn't know?

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0 / 3 correct

Answer from memory before scrolling back — retrieval is what makes it stick.

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Question 1 of 3

What specific gift is Sulaymān said to have received in verse 16?

Question 2 of 3

What did the hoopoe report about the people of Sabaʾ?

Question 3 of 3

What did Sulaymān do immediately upon hearing the ant's warning?

THEME 03Āyāt 27–44

Bilqīs: from a throne of her own to submission with Sulaymān

Sulaymān sends a letter beginning 'in the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' calling Bilqīs and her people not to exalt themselves against him but to come in submission. She consults her council, notes that kings corrupt lands when they conquer, and sends a gift instead — which Sulaymān rejects, warning he will bring an army they cannot resist. As she travels to him, her throne is fetched instantly by one 'who had knowledge of the Scripture'; disguised, it is presented to her, and she recognises it. She then enters a hall with a glass floor over water, mistaking it for a pool and baring her legs, before declaring: 'My Lord, I have wronged myself, and I submit with Sulaymān to Allah, Lord of the worlds.'

Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī on 27:44; Al-Ṭabarī on 27:40; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm on 27:30

30

إِنَّهُۥ مِن سُلَيْمَـٰنَ وَإِنَّهُۥ بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

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Indeed, it is from Solomon, and indeed, it is [i.e., reads]: 'In the name of Allāh, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,

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40

قَالَ ٱلَّذِى عِندَهُۥ عِلْمٌ مِّنَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ أَنَا۠ ءَاتِيكَ بِهِۦ قَبْلَ أَن يَرْتَدَّ إِلَيْكَ طَرْفُكَ ۚ فَلَمَّا رَءَاهُ مُسْتَقِرًّا عِندَهُۥ قَالَ هَـٰذَا مِن فَضْلِ رَبِّى لِيَبْلُوَنِىٓ ءَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ ۖ وَمَن شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِۦ ۖ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ رَبِّى غَنِىٌّ كَرِيمٌ

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Said one who had knowledge from the Scripture, "I will bring it to you before your glance returns to you." And when [Solomon] saw it placed before him, he said, "This is from the favor of my Lord to test me whether I will be grateful or ungrateful. And whoever is grateful - his gratitude is only for [the benefit of] himself. And whoever is ungrateful - then indeed, my Lord is Free of need and Generous."

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44

قِيلَ لَهَا ٱدْخُلِى ٱلصَّرْحَ ۖ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُ حَسِبَتْهُ لُجَّةً وَكَشَفَتْ عَن سَاقَيْهَا ۚ قَالَ إِنَّهُۥ صَرْحٌ مُّمَرَّدٌ مِّن قَوَارِيرَ ۗ قَالَتْ رَبِّ إِنِّى ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِى وَأَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ سُلَيْمَـٰنَ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ

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She was told, "Enter the palace." But when she saw it, she thought it was a body of water and uncovered her shins [to wade through]. He said, "Indeed, it is a palace [whose floor is] made smooth with glass." She said, "My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, and I submit with Solomon to Allāh, Lord of the worlds."

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From the tafsīr

This is the first occurrence in the Qurʾān of the basmalah opening a letter, and it is noted as the model later adopted for correspondence in Islam.

Cited toIbn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm on 27:30

Scholars differed on the identity of 'one who had knowledge of the Scripture' — many held it was a righteous man among Sulaymān's court named Āṣif ibn Barkhiyā — but the point of the verse is that the feat was accomplished by knowledge granted by Allah, not by Sulaymān's own power, which he immediately acknowledges by saying 'this is from the favour of my Lord, to test me whether I am grateful.'

Cited toAl-Ṭabarī on 27:40

Bilqīs's mistaking the glass floor for water and her ready admission 'I have wronged myself' show a queen whose intelligence (evident throughout her council scenes) was matched by humility once the truth became clear to her.

Cited toAl-Qurṭubī on 27:44

Key takeaways

Reflect

What in your life has been shown to you plainly, yet still required humility to accept?

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Check yourself

0 / 3 correct

Answer from memory before scrolling back — retrieval is what makes it stick.

Questions and options are reshuffled and reworded each attempt

Question 1 of 3

What did Sulaymān say upon seeing Bilqīs's throne brought before him?

Question 2 of 3

What is notable about Sulaymān's letter to Bilqīs?

Question 3 of 3

What did Bilqīs declare upon entering the glass-floored hall?

THEME 04Āyāt 45–58

Ṣāliḥ, Thamūd's plot, and Lūṭ's people

Ṣāliḥ calls Thamūd to worship Allah alone; they split into two disputing factions and ask him to hasten a punishment if he is truthful. Nine ringleaders who spread corruption swear by Allah to kill Ṣāliḥ and his family by night and then deny it — but Allah counters their plot and destroys them and their people utterly, leaving their homes fallen and empty. Lūṭ then rebukes his people for approaching men with desire while leaving women, whereupon they demand his family's expulsion; Allah saves Lūṭ and his household except his wife, and sends a devastating rain upon the rest.

Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī on 27:52; Ibn Kathīr on 27:57; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm on 27:48–49

52

فَتِلْكَ بُيُوتُهُمْ خَاوِيَةًۢ بِمَا ظَلَمُوٓا۟ ۗ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ

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So those are their houses, desolate because of the wrong they had done. Indeed in that is a sign for people who know.

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From the tafsīr

The nine plotters are identified in earlier tafsīr traditions as the ringleaders of corruption among Thamūd's clans; their secret oath to murder by night was met with a plan of Allah's that overtook them before they could act.

Cited toIbn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm on 27:48–49

'Those are their homes, fallen down, because they wronged' — the ruins were visible landmarks on trade routes known to the Arabs of the Prophet's ﷺ own time, making the warning tangible rather than abstract.

Cited toAl-Qurṭubī on 27:52

Lūṭ's wife is excepted from those saved because she remained aligned with her people's disbelief and betrayal despite living within a believing household — kinship to a prophet did not save her.

Cited toIbn Kathīr on 27:57

Key takeaways

Reflect

What warning signs in your own surroundings have become too familiar to notice anymore?

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Check yourself

0 / 2 correct

Answer from memory before scrolling back — retrieval is what makes it stick.

Questions and options are reshuffled and reworded each attempt

Question 1 of 2

Why was Lūṭ's wife not saved with the rest of his household?

Question 2 of 2

How many ringleaders plotted to kill Ṣāliḥ and his family?

THEME 05Āyāt 59–93

Who else does all this? The closing argument from creation

The surah closes with a repeated rhetorical question — 'is there a god besides Allah?' — following each mention of a sign in creation: who created the heavens and earth, sends rain to grow gardens, made the earth stable with rivers and mountains, answers the desperate one who calls upon Him, guides in the darkness of land and sea, and originates and then repeats creation. It affirms that none in the heavens or earth knows the unseen except Allah, and ends with instructions to the Prophet ﷺ to worship, recite, and warn, trusting Allah as the best of witnesses.

Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī on 27:65; Ibn Kathīr on 27:88; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm on 27:60–64

62

أَمَّن يُجِيبُ ٱلْمُضْطَرَّ إِذَا دَعَاهُ وَيَكْشِفُ ٱلسُّوٓءَ وَيَجْعَلُكُمْ خُلَفَآءَ ٱلْأَرْضِ ۗ أَءِلَـٰهٌ مَّعَ ٱللَّهِ ۚ قَلِيلًا مَّا تَذَكَّرُونَ

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Is He [not best] who responds to the desperate one when he calls upon Him and removes evil and makes you inheritors of the earth? Is there a deity with Allāh? Little do you remember.

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65

قُل لَّا يَعْلَمُ مَن فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ٱلْغَيْبَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ أَيَّانَ يُبْعَثُونَ

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Say, "None in the heavens and earth knows the unseen except Allāh, and they do not perceive when they will be resurrected."

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93

وَقُلِ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ سَيُرِيكُمْ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦ فَتَعْرِفُونَهَا ۚ وَمَا رَبُّكَ بِغَـٰفِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ

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And say, "[All] praise is [due] to Allāh. He will show you His signs, and you will recognize them. And your Lord is not unaware of what you do."

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From the tafsīr

Each of the five 'amman' questions (amman khalaqa, amman yahdīkum, etc.) is answered implicitly: only Allah does each of these things, so only He deserves worship — a direct address to the polytheists' own admission that Allah is the Creator while they still worship others besides Him.

Cited toIbn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm on 27:60–64

'None in the heavens or earth knows the unseen except Allah' is a direct refutation of soothsayers and astrologers whom the Makkans consulted, and a statement so general it includes angels and prophets except by what Allah discloses to them.

Cited toAl-Qurṭubī on 27:65

'You see the mountains and think them firmly fixed, while they are passing by like clouds' is understood as a description of the Day of Judgement, when the mountains will move as the whole created order is undone.

Cited toIbn Kathīr on 27:88

Key takeaways

Reflect

Which of today's ordinary signs — rain, safety, an answered need — have you stopped noticing as signs?

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Check yourself

0 / 3 correct

Answer from memory before scrolling back — retrieval is what makes it stick.

Questions and options are reshuffled and reworded each attempt

Question 1 of 3

What does 27:65 state about knowledge of the unseen?

Question 2 of 3

What rhetorical device runs through āyāt 60–64?

Question 3 of 3

What three instructions close the surah for the Prophet ﷺ?

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VOCABULARY

Roots from this surah

Learn the three-letter root and you unlock every word built from it — across the whole Qur'an, not just this surah.

ع ل م

āyāt 15, 16, 40, 52, 65

to know, to be taught or given knowledge

  • عِلْمknowledge
  • عُلِّمْنَاwe were taught
  • يَعْلَمُونَthey know
  • عَٰلِمُknower

ش ك ر

āyāt 19, 40

to give thanks, to be grateful

  • شُكْرgratitude
  • أَشْكُرَthat I be grateful
  • شَاكِرone who is grateful

ف ض ل

āyāt 16, 40, 73

surplus, favour, excellence bestowed beyond what is due

  • فَضْلfavour, grace
  • ٱلْفَضْلُ ٱلْمُبِينُthe clear favour
  • أَفْضَلmore excellent

ن م ل

āyāt 18

ant; the small creature that gives the surah its name

  • نَمْلَةan ant
  • ٱلنَّمْلthe ants (collective)

ظ ل م

āyāt 14, 44, 52

to place something not in its rightful place; wrongdoing, injustice

  • ظَلَمْتُI wronged
  • ظُلْمwrongdoing, injustice
  • ظَٰلِمِينwrongdoers

س ل م

āyāt 44, 81, 91

to be safe, whole, at peace; to submit

  • أَسْلَمْتُI have submitted
  • إِسْلَامsubmission [to Allah]
  • سَلَامpeace

غ ي ب

āyāt 65

that which is hidden or absent from perception

  • ٱلْغَيْبthe unseen
  • غَآئِبabsent, hidden

ب ع ث

āyāt 65, 87

to send, raise up, resurrect

  • يُبْعَثُونَthey will be resurrected
  • بَعْثresurrection, raising

Carry this with you

  • Knowledge and power are trials in gratitude, not personal achievements to boast of.
  • A creature far smaller than you may hold knowledge or care you lack — do not despise it.
  • True daʿwah invites clearly to Allah without seeking harm for its own sake.
  • Recognising truth and still refusing it out of arrogance is a moral choice, not an intellectual limitation.
  • Plots hidden by denial are never hidden from Allah.
  • Belonging to a righteous household does not itself save a soul that aligns with wrong.
  • Everyday signs — rain, safety, an answered call in distress — are sufficient proof of Allah's oneness for those who reflect.
  • None but Allah knows the unseen; this humbles even those given great knowledge, like Sulaymān.

Where this surah connects

Cross-surah threads

Parts of the Qurʾān explain other parts. Each thread below opens the same subject as it is argued across every other surah you have studied, in revelation order.

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Sources behind Sūrah An-Naml

Every line of context, tafsīr and takeaway on this page traces back to one of these references. Ḥadīth numbers open on sunnah.com and āyah references open on quran.com, so you can check the claim rather than take it on trust. The Arabic text itself is fetched live from a verified public corpus.

FINAL ASSESSMENT

Full exam — the whole surah, from memory

Every question from every theme, interleaved and reworded. Interleaving is what turns recognition into recall. Each answer updates your review schedule, your mistakes list and your mastery score for that theme.

An-Naml — full exam

1 / 13 · 0 correct

13 questions across 5 themes.

An-Naml · Ṭā-Sīn: a book that is guidance and glad tidings

According to al-Qurṭubī, why did Firʿawn's people reject Mūsā's signs?

Arabic (Uthmānī script) and the Ṣaḥīḥ International translation are fetched live from the Quran.com API (v4), sourced from the King Fahd Complex muṣḥaf — api.quran.com API docs · Translation: Ṣaḥīḥ International · Integrity & testing protocol