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Surah 62 · Madinah · 11 āyāt

Phase 06 · Conquest, completion and farewell(6–11 AH) — view in timeline

Al-JumuʿahThe Congregation, Friday

الجمعة

Al-Jumuʿah opens, like Al-Ḥadīd, with all that is in the heavens and earth exalting Allah, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Exalted in Might, the Wise, before describing the sending of an unlettered Messenger among the unlettered Arabs to recite, purify and teach them. It rebukes those entrusted with the Torah who failed to uphold it, likening them to a donkey carrying volumes of books, and challenges the Jews of Madinah who claimed special closeness to Allah to wish for death if their claim were true. It closes with the command to hasten to the remembrance of Allah and leave off trade when the call to Friday prayer is made, rebuking those who once abandoned the Prophet ﷺ mid-sermon for a passing caravan.

Why it was revealed

The surah addresses the Jewish community of Madinah regarding their claims about the Torah and their reluctance to wish for death, and closes with an episode concerning the young Madinan community's discipline during the Friday sermon.

Drawn fromṢaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 936; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 936 and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 863 (narration of Jābir ibn ʿAbdullāh, on 62:11); Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 863; Ibn Kathīr on 62:2; Ibn Kathīr on 62:5

It is reported that while the Prophet ﷺ was delivering a sermon, a trade caravan arrived in Madinah with drumming to announce it, and a number of the people left the mosque to go and see it, leaving only a small number remaining with him ﷺ; āyah 11 was revealed rebuking this, reported by Jābir ibn ʿAbdullāh.

Cited toṢaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 936 and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 863 (narration of Jābir ibn ʿAbdullāh, on 62:11)

In the Prophet's ﷺ life

GuidanceMadinan period · Age — · Madinah

An unlettered Messenger sent among an unlettered people

Allah is described as having sent, among a people who could neither read nor write, a Messenger from among themselves to recite His signs, purify them, and teach them the Book and wisdom.

Recalled in āyah 2

هُوَ ٱلَّذِى بَعَثَ فِى ٱلْأُمِّيِّـۧنَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُوا۟ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَإِن كَانُوا۟ مِن قَبْلُ لَفِى ضَلَـٰلٍ مُّبِينٍ

It is He who has sent among the unlettered [Arabs] a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book [i.e., the Qur’ān] and wisdom [i.e., the sunnah] - although they were before in clear error -

Cited toIbn Kathīr on 62:2

  • Madd — 2 vowels
  • Madd — 2, 4 or 6 vowels
  • Madd — 6 vowels (lāzim)
  • Madd — 4 or 5 vowels (wājib)
  • Ghunnah — 2 vowels
  • Qalqalah
  • Ikhfāʾ
  • Ikhfāʾ shafawī
  • Idghām shafawī
  • Idghām with ghunnah
  • Idghām without ghunnah
  • Idghām mutajānisayn
  • Idghām mutaqāribayn
  • Iqlāb
  • Hamzat al-waṣl
  • Lām shamsiyyah
  • Silent letter

Tajwīd markup and colour convention: Quran.com API (v4) — text_uthmani_tajweed. Recitation audio: Quran.com / Quran Foundation Audio API (v4).

THEME 01Āyāt 1–4

The unlettered Messenger sent among the unlettered

All that is in the heavens and earth exalts Allah, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Exalted in Might, the Wise, who sent among the unlettered Arabs a Messenger from among themselves reciting His verses, purifying them, and teaching them the Book and wisdom, though they had before been in clear error; this favour extends also to others who have not yet joined them.

Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī on 62:2; Ibn Kathīr on 62:2

1

يُسَبِّحُ لِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ٱلْمَلِكِ ٱلْقُدُّوسِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلْحَكِيمِ

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Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth is exalting Allāh, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.

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2

هُوَ ٱلَّذِى بَعَثَ فِى ٱلْأُمِّيِّـۧنَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُوا۟ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَإِن كَانُوا۟ مِن قَبْلُ لَفِى ضَلَـٰلٍ مُّبِينٍ

Tajwīd markup unavailable for this āyah — text shown uncoloured

It is He who has sent among the unlettered [Arabs] a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book [i.e., the Qur’ān] and wisdom [i.e., the sunnah] - although they were before in clear error -

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From the tafsīr

'Al-ummiyyīn' (the unlettered) describes the Arabs, who as a nation had no widespread scripture or literacy before Islam, making the Messenger's own inability to read or write itself a sign that his knowledge came by revelation, not study.

Cited toIbn Kathīr on 62:2

The three tasks named — reciting, purifying, teaching Book and wisdom — describe the complete method of prophetic education: transmission of text, correction of character, and instruction in application.

Cited toAl-Saʿdī on 62:2

Key takeaways

Reflect

Of the three tasks named in āyah 2 — recitation, purification, teaching — which has had the least attention in your own learning?

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Question 1 of 2

What three tasks does āyah 2 describe the Messenger ﷺ as carrying out?

Question 2 of 2

Why is the Messenger's ﷺ own unletteredness significant according to Ibn Kathīr?

THEME 02Āyāt 5–8

The donkey carrying books

Those entrusted with the Torah who then failed to uphold it are likened to a donkey carrying volumes of books — bearing a great weight of knowledge without understanding or benefiting from it. The surah then addresses those who claim to be Allah's exclusive allies, telling them to wish for death if truthful, since they will not do so because of what their hands have sent forth.

Drawn fromAl-Qurṭubī on 62:6–8; Ibn Kathīr on 62:5

5

مَثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ حُمِّلُوا۟ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ ٱلْحِمَارِ يَحْمِلُ أَسْفَارًۢا ۚ بِئْسَ مَثَلُ ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

Tajwīd markup unavailable for this āyah — text shown uncoloured

The example of those who were entrusted with the Torah and then did not take it on is like that of a donkey who carries volumes [of books]. Wretched is the example of the people who deny the signs of Allāh. And Allāh does not guide the wrongdoing people.

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From the tafsīr

The comparison to a donkey is deliberately stark: an animal that carries books gains nothing from their contents, just as knowledge unapplied brings no benefit to its bearer regardless of how much is carried.

Cited toIbn Kathīr on 62:5

The challenge to wish for death, if their claim to exclusive closeness to Allah were true, is a rhetorical test: their refusal exposes the claim as false, since a truthful claim to a superior afterlife would make death desirable, not feared.

Cited toAl-Qurṭubī on 62:6–8

Key takeaways

Reflect

Is there knowledge you carry — religious or otherwise — that you have not yet let change how you act?

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Check yourself

0 / 2 correct

Answer from memory before scrolling back — retrieval is what makes it stick.

Questions and options are reshuffled and reworded each attempt

Question 1 of 2

To what is a person entrusted with the Torah but who does not uphold it compared in āyah 5?

Question 2 of 2

Why are those claiming exclusive closeness to Allah told to wish for death?

THEME 03Āyāt 9–11

Hastening to remembrance, leaving trade

Believers are commanded, when the call to prayer is made on the day of Jumuʿah, to hasten to the remembrance of Allah and leave off trade, and once the prayer is concluded, to disperse in the land seeking Allah's bounty while remembering Him often. The surah closes by rebuking those who, seeing a passing trade caravan or entertainment, rushed to it and left the Prophet ﷺ standing, telling them what is with Allah is better than diversion or trade.

Drawn fromAl-Ṭabarī on 62:11; Ibn Kathīr on 62:9

9

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِذَا نُودِىَ لِلصَّلَوٰةِ مِن يَوْمِ ٱلْجُمُعَةِ فَٱسْعَوْا۟ إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ وَذَرُوا۟ ٱلْبَيْعَ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ

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O you who have believed, when [the adhān] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumuʿah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allāh and leave trade. That is better for you, if you only knew.

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10

فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةُ فَٱنتَشِرُوا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ وَٱبْتَغُوا۟ مِن فَضْلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱذْكُرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَّعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ

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And when the prayer has been concluded, disperse within the land and seek from the bounty of Allāh, and remember Allāh often that you may succeed.

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11

وَإِذَا رَأَوْا۟ تِجَـٰرَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا ٱنفَضُّوٓا۟ إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَآئِمًا ۚ قُلْ مَا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ خَيْرٌ مِّنَ ٱللَّهْوِ وَمِنَ ٱلتِّجَـٰرَةِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ خَيْرُ ٱلرَّٰزِقِينَ

Tajwīd markup unavailable for this āyah — text shown uncoloured

But [on one occasion] when they saw a transaction or a diversion, [O Muḥammad], they rushed to it and left you standing. Say, "What is with Allāh is better than diversion and than a transaction, and Allāh is the best of providers."

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From the tafsīr

'Leave trade' does not prohibit commerce generally but specifically at the moment of the call to Friday prayer, prioritising remembrance over transaction for that fixed window.

Cited toIbn Kathīr on 62:9

The occasion is tied to the arrival of a trade caravan during the sermon, when most of the congregation left, leaving only a small number with the Prophet ﷺ; the rebuke addresses that specific lapse in discipline.

Cited toAl-Ṭabarī on 62:11

Key takeaways

Reflect

What is the modern equivalent of the caravan that once emptied the mosque, and how do you respond when it passes during your own prayer time?

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Check yourself

0 / 2 correct

Answer from memory before scrolling back — retrieval is what makes it stick.

Questions and options are reshuffled and reworded each attempt

Question 1 of 2

What event is āyah 11 reported to address?

Question 2 of 2

What are believers commanded to do when the call to Friday prayer is made?

FROM CLASS

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VOCABULARY

Roots from this surah

Learn the three-letter root and you unlock every word built from it — across the whole Qur'an, not just this surah.

س ب ح

āyāt 1

to exalt, glorify

  • يُسَبِّحُexalts
  • سُبْحَانglory be to
  • تَسْبِيحglorification

أ م م

āyāt 2

unlettered, a nation

  • ٱلْأُمِّيِّـۧنَthe unlettered
  • أُمَّةa nation, community
  • أُمّmother, source

ز ك و

āyāt 2

to purify, grow

  • يُزَكِّيهِمْpurifying them
  • زَكَاةpurifying almsgiving
  • تَزْكِيَةpurification

ح م ل

āyāt 5

to carry, bear

  • حُمِّلُوا۟they were entrusted with
  • يَحْمِلُhe carries
  • حِمَارa donkey

س ع ي

āyāt 9

to strive, hasten

  • فَٱسْعَوْا۟so hasten
  • سَعْيstriving, effort
  • يَسْعَىٰhe strives

ب ي ع

āyāt 9, 11

to sell, trade

  • ٱلْبَيْعَthe trade, sale
  • تِجَـٰرَةًa transaction
  • بَايَعَhe made a pact/sale

ف ض ض

āyāt 11

to disperse, break apart

  • ٱنفَضُّوٓا۟they rushed off
  • فَضّdispersal, breaking
  • ٱنْفِضَاضscattering

Carry this with you

  • All creation is already exalting Allah, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
  • The Messenger's ﷺ unletteredness stands as a sign that his teaching came from revelation, not study.
  • Prophetic education combines recitation, purification, and instruction in Book and wisdom together.
  • Knowledge carried without being applied is likened to a donkey bearing books it cannot benefit from.
  • A claim to special standing with Allah should be tested by whether its holder truly desires what it implies.
  • The call to Friday prayer takes priority over trade for that fixed window, not commerce in general.
  • Worship and seeking a livelihood are ordered, not opposed, once the prayer concludes.
  • What is with Allah is explicitly named as better than any diversion or transaction competing for attention.

Where this surah connects

Cross-surah threads

Parts of the Qurʾān explain other parts. Each thread below opens the same subject as it is argued across every other surah you have studied, in revelation order.

One Lord, one dominion1 movementThe four trials1 movementThe signs you already walk on1 movement
All threads →

Sources behind Sūrah Al-Jumuʿah

Every line of context, tafsīr and takeaway on this page traces back to one of these references. Ḥadīth numbers open on sunnah.com and āyah references open on quran.com, so you can check the claim rather than take it on trust. The Arabic text itself is fetched live from a verified public corpus.

FINAL ASSESSMENT

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Al-Jumuʿah — full exam

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6 questions across 3 themes.

Al-Jumuʿah · The unlettered Messenger sent among the unlettered

What three tasks does āyah 2 describe the Messenger ﷺ as carrying out?

Arabic (Uthmānī script) and the Ṣaḥīḥ International translation are fetched live from the Quran.com API (v4), sourced from the King Fahd Complex muṣḥaf — api.quran.com API docs · Translation: Ṣaḥīḥ International · Integrity & testing protocol