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Surah 64 · Madinah · 18 āyāt

Phase 06 · Conquest, completion and farewell(6–11 AH) — view in timeline

At-TaghābunThe Mutual Loss and Gain

التغابن

A short surah moving between grand cosmic themes and intimate family life: it opens by declaring Allah's dominion over the heavens and earth and His knowledge of every secret, names the Day of Resurrection 'the Day of Mutual Loss and Gain', and then turns to the near, familiar trial of spouses and children, some of whom can act as enemies to a believer's commitment, closing with the reminder that no calamity befalls except by Allah's permission.

Why it was revealed

Several Companions reported hesitating to migrate or to strive in Allah's cause because their wives and children pleaded with them to stay, weeping and clinging to them; when they later wished to discipline those who had delayed them, this surah's verses on family as a trial, together with the command to pardon and forgive, were understood to address such situations.

Drawn fromJāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī on 64:14; Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī on 64:14 (from Ibn ʿAbbās); Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī, on the tafsīr of 64:14 (as reported from Ibn ʿAbbās); Ibn Kathīr on 64:14; Ibn Kathīr on 64:14–15

Ibn ʿAbbās said regarding 'indeed, among your spouses and your children are enemies to you' that some men who wished to migrate to the Prophet ﷺ were held back by their wives and children, and when they came to Madinah and saw others who had emigrated earlier now well-versed in the religion, they wanted to punish their families for the delay, so Allah revealed the command to pardon and forgive.

Cited toJāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī, on the tafsīr of 64:14 (as reported from Ibn ʿAbbās); cf. Ibn Kathīr on 64:14

In the Prophet's ﷺ life

LossEarly-to-middle Madinan period · Age — · Various locations en route to Madinah

Families delaying migration

Some believers who intended to migrate to Madinah were held back by the pleas and tears of wives and children reluctant to leave their homes.

Recalled in āyah 14

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَٰجِكُمْ وَأَوْلَـٰدِكُمْ عَدُوًّا لَّكُمْ فَٱحْذَرُوهُمْ ۚ وَإِن تَعْفُوا۟ وَتَصْفَحُوا۟ وَتَغْفِرُوا۟ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

O you who have believed, indeed, among your spouses and your children are enemies to you, so beware of them. But if you pardon and overlook and forgive - then indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

Cited toJāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī on 64:14 (from Ibn ʿAbbās)

  • Madd — 2 vowels
  • Madd — 2, 4 or 6 vowels
  • Madd — 6 vowels (lāzim)
  • Madd — 4 or 5 vowels (wājib)
  • Ghunnah — 2 vowels
  • Qalqalah
  • Ikhfāʾ
  • Ikhfāʾ shafawī
  • Idghām shafawī
  • Idghām with ghunnah
  • Idghām without ghunnah
  • Idghām mutajānisayn
  • Idghām mutaqāribayn
  • Iqlāb
  • Hamzat al-waṣl
  • Lām shamsiyyah
  • Silent letter

Tajwīd markup and colour convention: Quran.com API (v4) — text_uthmani_tajweed. Recitation audio: Quran.com / Quran Foundation Audio API (v4).

THEME 01Āyāt 1–6

Allah's dominion and knowledge

The surah opens with everything in the heavens and earth glorifying and belonging to Allah, whose dominion and praise are His alone, and who has power over all things — including the knowledge of every secret and open matter within human hearts. It moves quickly to the Day of Resurrection, naming it Yawm at-Taghābun, the Day when each side's true loss or gain relative to the other becomes plain.

Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

9

يَوْمَ يَجْمَعُكُمْ لِيَوْمِ ٱلْجَمْعِ ۖ ذَٰلِكَ يَوْمُ ٱلتَّغَابُنِ ۗ وَمَن يُؤْمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ وَيَعْمَلْ صَـٰلِحًا يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِۦ وَيُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّـٰتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ خَـٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْفَوْزُ ٱلْعَظِيمُ

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The Day He will assemble you for the Day of Assembly - that is the Day of Deprivation. And whoever believes in Allāh and does righteousness - He will remove from him his misdeeds and admit him to gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever. That is the great attainment.

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From the tafsīr

Yawm at-Taghābun is named because on that Day the people of Paradise gain what the people of the Fire have lost, and each person's true position relative to others is finally and irreversibly revealed.

Cited toIbn Kathīr

'He knows what is within the breasts' at the opening establishes the theological ground for the whole surah's ethical demands — accountability follows from total divine knowledge, not mere outward behaviour.

Cited toAl-Saʿdī

Key takeaways

  • All dominion and praise belong to Allah alone, over the entire creation.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

  • The Day of Resurrection is called the Day of Mutual Loss and Gain because everyone's true standing is finally exposed.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

  • Allah's knowledge already includes what is hidden in every heart, before any Day of judgement arrives.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

Reflect

If your gains and losses relative to others were displayed today, what would surprise you most?

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Question 1 of 2

What does Allah know, per the opening section?

Question 2 of 2

What does the name of the Day describe, according to āyah 9?

THEME 02Āyāt 7–13

Calamity only by Allah's permission

After affirming that no disaster strikes except by Allah's permission, the surah promises that whoever believes in Allah will have his heart guided — meaning contentment and certainty in facing what has been decreed. This section calls people to obey Allah and His Messenger ﷺ, warning that if they turn away, the responsibility falls only on the Messenger ﷺ to convey clearly, not to force belief.

Drawn fromAl-Ṭabarī; Ibn Kathīr

11

مَآ أَصَابَ مِن مُّصِيبَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَمَن يُؤْمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُۥ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌ

Tajwīd markup unavailable for this āyah — text shown uncoloured

No disaster strikes except by permission of Allāh. And whoever believes in Allāh - He will guide his heart. And Allāh is Knowing of all things.

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From the tafsīr

'Whoever believes in Allah, He will guide his heart' means that true faith produces contentment (riḍā) with the decree, so that calamity does not shatter a person's inner composure.

Cited toIbn Kathīr

The linking of calamity to Allah's permission is not a call to passivity but to correct attribution — means and precautions remain commanded, while the outcome is entrusted to Allah.

Cited toAl-Ṭabarī

Key takeaways

  • No calamity occurs outside Allah's permission — this is a matter of creed, not fatalism about effort.

    Drawn fromAl-Ṭabarī; Ibn Kathīr

  • True faith is shown by a guided, settled heart when facing what has been decreed.

    Drawn fromAl-Ṭabarī; Ibn Kathīr

  • The Messenger's ﷺ responsibility is clear conveyance of the message, not forcing belief.

    Drawn fromAl-Ṭabarī; Ibn Kathīr

Reflect

When calamity strikes you, does your heart settle into certainty, or does it spiral into blame?

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Question 1 of 2

What creedal point does 64:11 establish about disasters?

Question 2 of 2

What does true faith produce, per this āyah?

THEME 03Āyāt 14–15

Family as a trial

The surah names spouses and children directly as potential enemies to a believer's commitment — not through malice necessarily, but through the pull they exert against sacrifice, migration or obedience — and immediately commands pardon, overlooking and forgiveness rather than harshness. Āyah 15 restates plainly that wealth and children are simply a trial (fitnah), while the greater reward is with Allah.

Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

14

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَٰجِكُمْ وَأَوْلَـٰدِكُمْ عَدُوًّا لَّكُمْ فَٱحْذَرُوهُمْ ۚ وَإِن تَعْفُوا۟ وَتَصْفَحُوا۟ وَتَغْفِرُوا۟ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

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O you who have believed, indeed, among your spouses and your children are enemies to you, so beware of them. But if you pardon and overlook and forgive - then indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

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15

إِنَّمَآ أَمْوَٰلُكُمْ وَأَوْلَـٰدُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ عِندَهُۥٓ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ

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Your wealth and your children are but a trial, and Allāh has with Him a great reward.

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From the tafsīr

Reporting from Ibn ʿAbbās, this āyah addressed men whose families had delayed their migration through tears and pleading, and who later wished to discipline them — Allah commanded pardon instead of retaliation.

Cited toIbn Kathīr

Naming wealth and children 'a trial' (fitnah) in āyah 15 does not condemn them but reclassifies them: they are tests of priority, not ultimate goals, and the greater reward remains with Allah.

Cited toAl-Saʿdī

Key takeaways

  • Love for family can, without any malice, still pull a believer away from obedience or sacrifice.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

  • The commanded response to a family's failing is pardon, overlooking, and forgiveness — not harsh reproach.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

  • Wealth and children are correctly seen as a trial, with the greater and lasting reward located with Allah.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

Reflect

Has love for a family member ever quietly talked you out of doing the right thing?

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Question 1 of 2

How does āyah 15 describe wealth and children?

Question 2 of 2

How should believers respond to family who hindered their obedience, per 64:14?

THEME 04Āyāt 16–18

Taqwā within capacity, and freedom from stinginess

The surah closes with a memorable formula of practical religion: fear Allah as much as you are able, listen, obey, and spend — better for your own souls. Success is tied explicitly to being protected from the stinginess of one's own soul, and the surah ends by restating Allah's knowledge of the unseen and the witnessed, His might and His wisdom.

Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

16

فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ مَا ٱسْتَطَعْتُمْ وَٱسْمَعُوا۟ وَأَطِيعُوا۟ وَأَنفِقُوا۟ خَيْرًا لِّأَنفُسِكُمْ ۗ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِۦ فَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ

Tajwīd markup unavailable for this āyah — text shown uncoloured

So fear Allāh as much as you are able and listen and obey and spend [in the way of Allāh]; it is better for your selves. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul - it is those who will be the successful.

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From the tafsīr

'Fear Allah as much as you are able' was noted by scholars to explain and restrict the general command in Āl ʿImrān 3:102 to fear Allah with the fear due to Him, since capacity, not perfection, is the standard demanded.

Cited toIbn Kathīr

'Whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul - it is those who will be the successful' names miserliness of the self as one of the deepest obstacles to success, greater than external circumstance.

Cited toAl-Saʿdī

Key takeaways

  • Taqwā is demanded within genuine capacity, not as an impossible standard of perfection.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

  • Listening, obeying and spending are named together as the practical shape of faith.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

  • Being freed from the stinginess of one's own soul is identified as a mark of true success.

    Drawn fromAl-Saʿdī; Ibn Kathīr

Reflect

What is one act of generosity your own stinginess has been quietly resisting?

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Question 1 of 2

What does āyah 16 identify as a mark of true success?

Question 2 of 2

What standard does āyah 16 set for fearing Allah?

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VOCABULARY

Roots from this surah

Learn the three-letter root and you unlock every word built from it — across the whole Qur'an, not just this surah.

غ ب ن

āyāt 9

mutual loss and gain, deception in a deal

  • ٱلتَّغَابُنِmutual loss and gain (Day of)
  • غَبَنَhe outdid/deceived in a deal
  • غَبِينone who is deceived, at a loss

ص و ب

āyāt 11

to strike, hit (root of calamity)

  • مُّصِيبَةٍa calamity
  • أَصَابَit struck/befell
  • صَوَابcorrectness, that which hits the mark

ه د ي

āyāt 11

to guide

  • يَهْدِHe guides
  • هُدَىguidance
  • هَادِيguide

ع ف و

āyāt 14

to pardon, efface

  • تَعْفُوا۟you pardon
  • عَفْوpardon
  • عَفُوّThe Pardoning (a name of Allah)

ف ت ن

āyāt 15

trial, test

  • فِتْنَةٌa trial
  • فَتَنَhe tried/tested
  • مَفْتُونone tried/tempted

ش ح ح

āyāt 16

stinginess, avarice

  • شُحَّstinginess
  • شَحِيحstingy
  • أَشِحَّةmisers (plural)

ف ل ح

āyāt 16

success, prosperity

  • ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَthe successful
  • فَلَاحsuccess
  • أَفْلَحَhe succeeded

Carry this with you

  • All dominion, praise and power belong to Allah alone over the whole of creation.
  • The Day of Resurrection is named for the exchange of loss and gain finally made plain between people.
  • No calamity strikes except by Allah's permission — a matter of creed, not an excuse for inaction.
  • True faith produces a heart guided to settled certainty in the face of hardship.
  • Spouses and children can pull a believer away from obedience without any ill intent on their part.
  • The commanded response to family who hinder your commitment is pardon, overlooking, and forgiveness.
  • Wealth and children are correctly understood as a trial, not the ultimate reward.
  • Taqwā is required within real capacity, and freedom from the soul's stinginess marks true success.

Where this surah connects

Cross-surah threads

Parts of the Qurʾān explain other parts. Each thread below opens the same subject as it is argued across every other surah you have studied, in revelation order.

One Lord, one dominion1 movementThe Hour and the accounting1 movementThe four trials1 movementProvision, wealth and the tongue that forgets1 movementRefuge, protection and the unseen harm1 movementThe signs you already walk on1 movement
All threads →

Sources behind Sūrah At-Taghābun

Every line of context, tafsīr and takeaway on this page traces back to one of these references. Ḥadīth numbers open on sunnah.com and āyah references open on quran.com, so you can check the claim rather than take it on trust. The Arabic text itself is fetched live from a verified public corpus.

FINAL ASSESSMENT

Full exam — the whole surah, from memory

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At-Taghābun — full exam

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8 questions across 4 themes.

At-Taghābun · Family as a trial

What term is used for wealth and children in this āyah?

Arabic (Uthmānī script) and the Ṣaḥīḥ International translation are fetched live from the Quran.com API (v4), sourced from the King Fahd Complex muṣḥaf — api.quran.com API docs · Translation: Ṣaḥīḥ International · Integrity & testing protocol