The companions رضي الله عنهم
ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān رضي الله عنه
عثمان بن عفان
A wealthy, gentle merchant of Banū Umayyah, among the first to believe, who married two daughters of the Prophet ﷺ — Ruqayyah and then Umm Kulthūm رضي الله عنهما.
The one even the angels feel shy before
His challenges and choices
- He missed Badr because his wife, the Prophet's ﷺ daughter, was ill; the Prophet ﷺ gave him the reward and share of one who was present.
- He was the Prophet's ﷺ envoy to Makkah at al-Ḥudaybiyah; the Pledge of Riḍwān took place while he was away, and the Prophet ﷺ struck one hand on the other, saying, 'This is for ʿUthmān رضي الله عنه.'
His standing in the sources
- He contributed one thousand dinars when the army of hardship was being prepared, and the Prophet ﷺ said nothing ʿUthmān رضي الله عنه did after that day would harm him.
- He bought the well of Rūmah so that the Muslims could draw from it.
In the Qur'an
- Al-Fatḥ 48:18 — This passage describes the pledge, not his presence under the tree: ʿUthmān رضي الله عنه was away on the mission to Makkah, and the Prophet ﷺ made the pledge on his behalf.Describes this event
Where they appear
- Going public — and the persecution
Accepted Islam through Abū Bakr رضي الله عنه and migrated to Abyssinia with Ruqayyah رضي الله عنها.
- Conquest, completion and farewell
Sent as envoy to Quraysh at al-Ḥudaybiyah; the rumour of his death led to the Pledge of Riḍwān. Equipped much of the army for Tabūk.
How it ended
Became the third caliph; killed in his house in 35 AH while reading the Qur'an.
Connected lives
- Abū Bakr رضي الله عنه aṣ-Ṣiddīq
Accepted Islam through Abū Bakr رضي الله عنه and migrated to Abyssinia with Ruqayyah رضي الله عنها.
- Umm Salamah رضي الله عنها
Ar-Raḥīq records that she was separated from her husband and child when her family stopped her migration. After her son was returned, she set out with him and received help from ʿUthmān ibn Ṭalḥah رضي الله عنه on the journey to Qubāʾ.
- Ḥafṣah bint ʿUmar رضي الله عنها
Her husband Khunays ibn Ḥudhāfah رضي الله عنه died in Madinah. Her father ʿUmar رضي الله عنه approached ʿUthmān رضي الله عنه and Abū Bakr رضي الله عنه about marriage.
- Ruqayyah bint Muḥammad ﷺ رضي الله عنها
A wealthy, gentle merchant of Banū Umayyah, among the first to believe, who married two daughters of the Prophet ﷺ — Ruqayyah and then Umm Kulthūm رضي الله عنهما.
- Umm Kulthūm bint Muḥammad ﷺ رضي الله عنها
A wealthy, gentle merchant of Banū Umayyah, among the first to believe, who married two daughters of the Prophet ﷺ — Ruqayyah and then Umm Kulthūm رضي الله عنهما.
Sources and accounts
Ḥadīth references open their collection. Biographical accounts attributed to ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm are book accounts, not independent authentication of each report. Open the book
ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān رضي الله عنه
The one even the angels feel shy before
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2401He missed Badr because his wife, the Prophet's ﷺ daughter, was ill; the Prophet ﷺ gave him the reward and share of one who was present.
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 3130He was the Prophet's ﷺ envoy to Makkah at al-Ḥudaybiyah; the Pledge of Riḍwān took place while he was away, and the Prophet ﷺ struck one hand on the other, saying, 'This is for ʿUthmān رضي الله عنه.'
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 3698He contributed one thousand dinars when the army of hardship was being prepared, and the Prophet ﷺ said nothing ʿUthmān رضي الله عنه did after that day would harm him.
Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī 3701He bought the well of Rūmah so that the Muslims could draw from it.
Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī 370348:18 — This passage describes the pledge, not his presence under the tree: ʿUthmān رضي الله عنه was away on the mission to Makkah, and the Prophet ﷺ made the pledge on his behalf.
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 3698;Biographical account and appearances
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2401; Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī 3700, 3703; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm, al-Mubārakpūrī
Connected accounts
Abū Bakr رضي الله عنه aṣ-Ṣiddīq — Accepted Islam through Abū Bakr رضي الله عنه and migrated to Abyssinia with Ruqayyah رضي الله عنها.
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2401; Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī 3700, 3703; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm, al-MubārakpūrīUmm Salamah رضي الله عنها — Ar-Raḥīq records that she was separated from her husband and child when her family stopped her migration. After her son was returned, she set out with him and received help from ʿUthmān ibn Ṭalḥah رضي الله عنه on the journey to Qubāʾ.
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 2731; Ibn Hishām; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm, al-MubārakpūrīḤafṣah bint ʿUmar رضي الله عنها — Her husband Khunays ibn Ḥudhāfah رضي الله عنه died in Madinah. Her father ʿUmar رضي الله عنه approached ʿUthmān رضي الله عنه and Abū Bakr رضي الله عنه about marriage.
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5122Ruqayyah bint Muḥammad ﷺ رضي الله عنها — A wealthy, gentle merchant of Banū Umayyah, among the first to believe, who married two daughters of the Prophet ﷺ — Ruqayyah and then Umm Kulthūm رضي الله عنهما.
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2401; Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī 3700, 3703; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm, al-MubārakpūrīUmm Kulthūm bint Muḥammad ﷺ رضي الله عنها — A wealthy, gentle merchant of Banū Umayyah, among the first to believe, who married two daughters of the Prophet ﷺ — Ruqayyah and then Umm Kulthūm رضي الله عنهما.
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2401; Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhī 3700, 3703; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm, al-Mubārakpūrī