Sūrah An-Nisāʾ

āyāt 2

This passage commands to give orphans their properties and not to exchange what is bad of your own for what is good of theirs. It also warns against consuming their properties along with your own, stating that doing so is indeed a great sin.

āyāt 4–6

This section begins by instructing men to give their wives their bridal gifts freely. If the wives willingly choose to give back any part of it, then the men may accept it with ease. Next, believers are told not to entrust their property, which Allāh has made a means of life, to those who are weak-minded. Instead, they should use that property to provide for them, clothe them, and speak to them with kindness. The passage then advises testing orphans as they grow older, until they reach the age of marriage. If they show good judgment, their property should be returned to them. Guardians are warned not to spend the orphans' property extravagantly or quickly, anticipating they will soon grow up. If a guardian is wealthy, they should not take a fee for their guardianship; if they are poor, they may take a reasonable amount. Finally, when returning the orphans' property, witnesses should be present, for Allāh is sufficient as an Accountant.

āyāt 7–9

These āyāt explain that both men and women have a designated share of what their parents and close relatives leave behind, whether the inheritance is large or small. When other relatives, orphans, and the needy are present at the time of distributing an inheritance, they should be given something from it, and spoken to with appropriate kindness. Those who are in charge of an inheritance should be mindful of how they handle it, as if they were leaving behind weak children and feared for their well-being, so they should fear Allāh and speak with fairness and justice.

āyāt 10

This āyah warns that those who wrongfully take the property of orphans are, in effect, filling their stomachs with fire. It tells us that they will ultimately be burned in a blazing Hellfire.

āyāt 12–14

This passage outlines specific inheritance shares for spouses and siblings. A husband receives half of his wife's inheritance if they have no children, or a quarter if they do, after any bequests or debts. A wife receives a quarter of her husband's inheritance if they have no children, or an eighth if they do, after any bequests or debts. If a person leaves no direct ascendants or descendants, a sibling receives a sixth, or if there are more than two siblings, they share a third, after any bequests or debts, provided no harm is done by these arrangements. These are laws ordained by God, Who is All-Knowing and Forbearing. Whoever obeys God and His Messenger ﷺ in these matters will enter Paradise, where they will live forever, which is a great triumph. However, whoever disobeys God and His Messenger ﷺ and oversteps these limits will enter the Fire to remain there eternally, facing a humiliating punishment.

āyāt 15–17

When women from your community commit immoral acts, four witnesses from among you must testify against them. If they do, those women are to be confined to their homes until they die or until Allāh makes another way for them. For the two people who commit such acts, they should both be punished. However, if they repent and mend their ways, they should be left alone, for Allāh is always accepting of repentance and merciful. Allāh only accepts the repentance of those who do wrong out of ignorance or carelessness and then quickly repent. It is these people Allāh will forgive, for Allāh is all-knowing and wise.

āyāt 18

This passage clarifies that true repentance is not accepted from those who persist in doing bad deeds until the very moment of death, at which point they declare their repentance. It also states that repentance is not accepted from those who die while they are disbelievers. For these individuals, a painful punishment has been prepared.

āyāt 20–22

If a man wishes to divorce a wife to marry another, even if he has given the first wife a large amount as a gift, he must not take any of it back. It would be a great injustice and a clear sin to do so. How could he take it back after having been intimate with her and after she has taken a solemn pledge from him? Furthermore, men are forbidden from marrying women whom their fathers married, except for what may have happened in the past before this prohibition. Such marriages are truly immoral, detestable to Allah, and an evil practice.

āyāt 23–25

Allāh outlines who a man is forbidden to marry, including specific female relatives by blood, fosterage, or marriage, as well as two sisters at the same time. Beyond these prohibited relations, it is lawful to seek marriage with other women using your wealth, intending to live chastely, and you must give them their due financial obligation. For those who cannot afford to marry free believing women, it is permissible to marry believing slave girls, with the permission of their guardians and giving them their due, provided they are chaste and do not engage in promiscuity or secret relationships. If these slave girls commit adultery after marriage, their punishment is half that of free unmarried women, and while this allowance is for those who fear sin, it is better to be patient.

āyāt 26–28

Allāh desires to make clear for you what is lawful and unlawful, to guide you to the ways of righteous people who came before, and to accept your turning back to Him. He is All-Knowing and All-Wise. Allāh wishes to accept your repentance, but those who follow their desires want you to stray far from the straight path. Allāh wants to lighten your burdens, for humankind was created inherently weak.

āyāt 29–31

Believers are instructed not to wrongfully take each other's wealth, but only through mutual agreement in business, and not to kill themselves or one another, for God is always merciful to them. Whoever commits such acts out of aggression and injustice will be cast into the Fire, which is easy for God to do. If people avoid the major sins they are forbidden from, God will overlook their lesser sins and admit them to a noble entry into Paradise.

āyāt 32–33

These verses instruct believers not to covet what Allāh has given others, as both men and women have a share of what they earn. Instead, one should ask Allāh for His bounty, for He is all-knowing. Furthermore, Allāh has appointed heirs for everyone from what their parents and relatives leave behind, and those bound by your oaths should also be given their due, as Allāh is a witness over all things.

āyāt 35

When there is fear of conflict between a husband and a wife, an arbitrator should be appointed from his family and an arbitrator from her family. If these two arbitrators sincerely wish for reconciliation, Allāh will bring it about between the couple. Indeed, Allāh is always All-Knowing and Fully Aware of all things.

āyāt 36–38

These verses instruct believers to worship Allāh alone without associating anyone with Him, and to show kindness to parents, relatives, orphans, the needy, neighbors near and far, companions, travelers, and those under their care. Allāh dislikes those who are arrogant and boastful, as well as those who are stingy, encourage others to be stingy, and hide the blessings Allāh has given them. A humiliating punishment awaits those who disbelieve and spend their wealth to be seen by people, especially when Satan is their close companion.

āyāt 39–41

What harm would come to people if they simply believed in God and the Last Day, and spent from the provisions God gave them? God knows everything about them. Indeed, God never wrongs anyone, not even by the smallest amount; instead, if someone does a good deed, He multiplies it and grants a tremendous reward from Himself. So imagine the Day when God will bring a witness from every nation, and He will bring the Prophet ﷺ to testify against them all.

āyāt 42

On the Day of Judgement, those who rejected the truth and disobeyed the Messenger ﷺ will wish that the earth would swallow them up entirely. However, they will not be able to hide a single word or deed from Allah.

āyāt 43–45

This stretch begins by instructing believers not to come to prayer when they are intoxicated, until they understand what they are saying. It also prohibits approaching prayer while in a state of major ritual impurity, unless one is merely passing through a place of prayer, until they have performed a full ritual bath. If someone is ill, traveling, has relieved themselves, or had sexual relations, and cannot find water, they are permitted to use clean earth to wipe their faces and hands. Allāh is indeed Pardoning and Forgiving. The text then asks if you have seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, how they exchanged it for error and wished that you too would go astray. It concludes by stating that Allāh knows your enemies best, and Allāh is sufficient as a protector and a helper.

āyāt 46

Among the Jews, there are those who change the meanings of words from their proper context. They say things like, 'We hear, but we disobey,' and 'Listen, but may you not hear anything good,' and 'Rāʿinā' – a word that sounds respectful but which they use to twist their tongues and insult the religion. If they had instead said, 'We hear and we obey,' and 'Please give us your attention,' it would have been much better and more appropriate for them. However, Allāh has rejected them due to their disbelief, so they do not truly believe, except for a very small number among them.

āyāt 47–49

This stretch of āyāt begins by addressing the People of the Scripture, urging them to believe in what God has revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, which confirms what they already possess. They are warned that if they do not believe, God will disfigure them or curse them, just as He cursed those who broke the Sabbath, for God's decree is always fulfilled. Next, it is stated that God will never forgive associating partners with Him, but He may forgive lesser sins for whomever He wishes. Anyone who associates partners with God has certainly committed a grave sin. Finally, the āyāt ask if you have observed those who claim themselves to be pure. It is God who purifies whom He wills, and no injustice, not even the slightest amount, will be done to them.

āyāt 50–52

The passage begins by pointing out the severe sin of inventing lies about Allāh. It then draws attention to people who received a part of earlier scriptures, yet they believe in superstition and false objects of worship. These same people even claim that disbelievers are better guided than the believers. The passage concludes by stating that such people are cursed by Allāh, and no one will ever find a helper for those whom Allāh curses.

āyāt 53–55

These verses ask if certain people have any share in God's dominion, because if they did, they would not even give others the smallest speck of benefit. It then asks if they are envious of people because of the great blessings God has given them, reminding us that God previously gave the family of Ibrāhīm عليه السلام the Scripture, wisdom, and a mighty kingdom. However, some among them believed in it, while others turned away, and Hell is a sufficient blazing fire for those who reject.

āyāt 56–57

The āyāt tell us that those who reject God's messages will be driven into a Fire. Whenever their skin is burned through, it will be replaced with new skin so they can continue to experience the punishment, for God is All-Mighty and All-Wise. Conversely, those who believe and do good deeds will be admitted to gardens with rivers flowing beneath them, where they will live forever. There, they will have pure spouses and be admitted to deep, cool shade.

āyāt 60–62

Have you not considered those who claim to believe in what was revealed to the Prophet ﷺ and what was revealed before him? They still desire to refer their disputes to false deities or tyrannical powers, even though they were commanded to reject such things, and Satan wants to lead them far astray. When they are told to come to what God has revealed and to the Messenger, you see these hypocrites turn away from you in strong dislike. How then will it be when a calamity befalls them because of their own deeds, and they come to you swearing by God that they only intended good and reconciliation?

āyāt 63–65

Allāh knows what is truly in the hearts of those who turn away, so the Prophet ﷺ is instructed to turn away from them, but also to admonish them and speak to them words that are effective. The purpose of every messenger sent by Allāh is to be obeyed by His permission, and if those who wronged themselves had come to the Prophet ﷺ seeking forgiveness from Allāh, and if the Messenger had also sought forgiveness for them, they would have found Allāh to be Most Accepting of Repentance and Merciful. However, true belief is only attained when they make the Prophet ﷺ the judge in their disputes, feel no discomfort with his judgment, and submit completely.

āyāt 66–68

This passage states that if God had commanded some people to sacrifice themselves or leave their homes, only a few of them would have obeyed. However, if they had followed the instructions given to them, it would have been far better for them and would have strengthened their faith. Consequently, God would have then granted them a great reward and guided them along a straight path.

āyāt 69–70

Whoever obeys God and the Messenger ﷺ will be in the company of those upon whom God has bestowed His favor: the prophets, the truthful, the martyrs, and the righteous. What excellent companions these are! This high status is a great bounty from God, and God is sufficient as the All-Knowing One.

āyāt 71–73

This passage instructs believers to be cautious and to go out for battle either in separate groups or all together. It then describes a type of person among them who holds back. If something bad happens to the believers, this person says that Allāh showed him favor by keeping him from being with them. But if Allāh grants success to the believers, this same person will regret not being with them, wishing he had been there to share in the great achievement, acting as if there was never any close bond between him and them.

āyāt 74–76

This passage encourages fighting in the way of Allāh for those who prioritize the afterlife over this worldly life. It promises a great reward for anyone who fights in Allāh's cause, whether they are killed or achieve victory. It then questions why people would not fight in the way of Allāh, especially for the vulnerable men, women, and children who are oppressed and pray for a protector and a helper from Allāh. The āyāt conclude by stating that believers fight for Allāh's cause, while disbelievers fight for evil, urging believers to fight the allies of Satan because Satan's schemes are always weak.

āyāt 77–79

Some people were told to hold back from fighting, establish regular prayers, and give charity. But when fighting was prescribed for them, some of them feared people as much as, or even more than, they feared Allah, asking why fighting was decreed for them so soon. The Prophet ﷺ is told to say that the enjoyment of this world is brief, and the afterlife is far better for those who are mindful of Allah, and they will not be wronged even slightly. It is also explained that death will find everyone, no matter where they are, even in strong fortresses. When good things happen, these people say it is from Allah, but when misfortune strikes, they blame the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ is instructed to tell them that everything comes from Allah. It is wondered why these people struggle to understand plain speech. It is then clarified that any good that comes to a person is from Allah, while any harm comes from the person themselves. The Prophet ﷺ was sent to people as a messenger, and Allah is sufficient as a witness to this.

āyāt 80–82

Whoever obeys the Messenger ﷺ has truly obeyed Allāh. However, for those who turn away, the Prophet ﷺ was not sent as their guardian. Some people say they will obey, but when they are no longer with the Prophet ﷺ, a group among them secretly plans to do the opposite of what he said. Allāh records all their nocturnal schemes, so the Prophet ﷺ is instructed to leave them to Allāh and rely upon Him, for Allāh is sufficient as the Disposer of all affairs. Do these people not reflect deeply upon the Qur’ān? If it had come from anyone other than Allāh, they would have found many inconsistencies within it.

āyāt 83–85

This stretch of āyāt begins by explaining that when people hear news about security or fear, they often spread it immediately. However, they should instead refer such information to the Messenger ﷺ or to those in authority among them, as those with proper understanding would then discern its true implications. If not for God’s favor and mercy, most people would have followed Satan. The text then instructs the Prophet ﷺ to fight in God’s cause, reminding him that he is only responsible for himself, and to encourage the believers, hoping God will curb the power of the disbelievers, for God is mightier and more severe in punishment. Finally, it states that whoever intercedes for a good cause will receive a share of its reward, while one who intercedes for an evil cause will bear a portion of its burden, and God is ever watchful over all things.

āyāt 86–87

When you are greeted, you should respond with a greeting that is even better, or at least return a similar one, for Allāh keeps a precise account of all things. Allāh is the only deity, and He will certainly gather everyone on the Day of Resurrection, about which there is no doubt. And no one is more truthful in speech than Allāh.

āyāt 88–90

This passage asks why people are divided into two groups regarding hypocrites, when Allāh has already caused them to fall into error due to their own actions. It explains that you cannot guide those whom Allāh has allowed to go astray, and no one can find a path for them. These hypocrites wish you would disbelieve just as they do, so you would be the same. Therefore, do not take them as allies unless they emigrate for the cause of Allāh. If they refuse, then seize and fight them wherever you find them, and do not accept any ally or helper from among them. An exception is made for those who seek refuge with a people with whom you have a treaty, or those who approach you with their hearts burdened by the thought of fighting you or their own people. If Allāh had willed, He could have allowed them to overpower you and fight you. So, if they distance themselves from you, do not fight you, and offer you peace, then Allāh gives you no reason to fight them.

āyāt 91–93

This passage describes certain individuals who outwardly seek safety from you and their own people, yet repeatedly revert to disbelief. If they do not withdraw from you, offer peace, or stop their aggression, then you are permitted to apprehend and fight them wherever you find them, as there is clear authorization against such people. It then clarifies that a believer should never intentionally kill another believer; if it happens by mistake, the killer must free a believing slave and pay a compensation to the deceased's family, unless the family forgives the payment as charity. If the mistakenly killed believer was from a hostile group, then only freeing a believing slave is required; if they were from a people with whom you have a treaty, then both compensation and freeing a believing slave are required. If a person cannot afford to free a slave, they must fast for two consecutive months as an act of repentance to God, Who is all-Knowing and Wise. However, if someone intentionally kills a believer, their just return is Hell, where they will remain forever, and God is angry with them, has cursed them, and has prepared a severe punishment for them.

āyāt 94–96

Believers are instructed that when they go out to strive in Allāh's cause, they must first investigate thoroughly. They should not dismiss someone who greets them with peace as a non-believer, seeking worldly gain, because Allāh has abundant treasures. It reminds them that they too were once in a similar state before Allāh guided them, so they should always investigate carefully, as Allāh is fully aware of all their actions. These āyāt then state that those believers who stay behind are not equal to those who strive in Allāh's cause with their wealth and lives, except for the disabled. Allāh has elevated those who strive with their wealth and lives many degrees above those who remain behind, and though Allāh has promised goodness to both, He has granted a great reward to those who strive. This great reward includes high ranks from Him, as well as forgiveness and mercy, for Allāh is ever Forgiving and Merciful.

āyāt 97–99

When angels take the lives of people who were wronging themselves, they will ask them about their situation. These people will respond that they were oppressed on earth. The angels will then ask if God's earth was not vast enough for them to have migrated, and for such people, Hell will be their dreadful destination. However, this does not apply to the truly helpless men, women, and children who had no means to escape or find a way out. For these genuinely powerless individuals, there is hope that God will pardon them, as God is always Pardoning and Forgiving.

āyāt 100–102

Whoever leaves their home to emigrate for the sake of God will find many places to settle and plenty of resources on earth. If someone emigrates for God and His Messenger, and then passes away, their reward is guaranteed by God, who is always Forgiving and Merciful. When you are traveling, there is no fault in shortening your prayers, especially if you fear attack from disbelievers, as they are a clear enemy. If you are leading prayer among your people while in a state of fear, let one group pray with you, keeping their weapons, and after they prostrate, let them guard while another group comes to pray with you, also taking precautions and carrying their arms. This is because disbelievers wish you would abandon your weapons and belongings so they can launch a surprise attack; however, if you are troubled by rain or illness, you may put down your weapons, but you must still take precautions, for God has prepared a humiliating punishment for the disbelievers.

āyāt 103–104

After you finish your prayer, you should continue to remember Allāh while standing, sitting, or even lying down. However, once you are safe and secure again, you must perform your regular prayers properly, because prayer is a duty for believers at specific times. Do not lose heart in pursuing your enemies; if you are suffering hardships, remember that they are also suffering, but you have hope from Allāh that they do not. Allāh is All-Knowing and All-Wise.

āyāt 106–108

This section begins by advising you to seek Allāh's forgiveness, for He is ever Forgiving and Merciful. It then cautions against arguing on behalf of those who betray themselves, because Allāh does not love habitually sinful deceivers. These individuals may try to hide their evil intentions and deeds from people, but they cannot hide them from Allāh, for He is fully aware of them even when they plot by night with words He disapproves of. Allāh always encompasses everything they do.

āyāt 109–111

These verses question those who defend someone who has committed a wrong in this life, asking who will defend them before Allah on the Day of Resurrection or be their advocate then. It then states that anyone who commits a wrong or wrongs themselves, but then seeks Allah's forgiveness, will find Allah Most Forgiving and Merciful. Finally, it emphasizes that whoever commits a sin does so against their own soul, for Allah is All-Knowing and All-Wise.

āyāt 112–113

Whoever commits a wrong or a sin and then falsely attributes it to an innocent person has burdened themselves with a fabrication and a clear sin. If it were not for God's favor and mercy upon you, O Prophet ﷺ, a group of them would have tried to lead you astray. However, they only lead themselves astray and cannot harm you in any way. God has sent down to you the Book and wisdom, and He has taught you what you did not know, for indeed, His favor upon you has always been immense.

āyāt 114–116

Much private conversation holds no good, unless it is for encouraging charity, righteousness, or making peace between people. Whoever does these things seeking Allāh's pleasure will receive a great reward. On the other hand, if someone opposes the Messenger ﷺ after the guidance is clear to them and follows a path different from the believers, Allāh will abandon them to their choice and lead them to Hell, which is a terrible destination. Allāh does not forgive associating partners with Him, though He may forgive lesser sins for whomever He wills; anyone who associates partners with Allāh has truly gone far astray.

āyāt 117–119

These verses explain that those who call upon anything other than Allāh are in fact calling upon female deities, and ultimately, they are calling upon a rebellious Satan whom Allāh has cursed. Satan had vowed to take a specific portion of humanity, mislead them, stir sinful desires within them, and command them to do things like slit the ears of cattle and change Allāh's creation. Anyone who takes Satan as a protector instead of Allāh has truly suffered a clear loss.

āyāt 120–122

Satan makes promises and creates desires, but all he offers is deception. Those who follow his path will find their ultimate dwelling in Hell, with no way to escape it. In contrast, those who believe and do good deeds will enter Gardens where rivers flow, living there forever. This is a true promise from Allah, and no one is more truthful than Allah in what He says.

āyāt 123–125

This section explains that reaching Paradise is not based on your wishes or the wishes of the People of the Scripture. Instead, anyone who does wrong will face its consequences and will find no one to protect or help them besides Allah. Conversely, those who do good deeds, men or women, and are believers, will enter Paradise and will not be wronged even in the slightest. The passage then asks who has a better religion than one who submits themselves to Allah, does good, and follows the faith of Prophet Abraham عليه السلام, who was truly devoted to Allah, and whom Allah took as an intimate friend.

āyāt 126

Allāh owns everything that is in the heavens and everything that is on the earth. And Allāh always encompasses all things in His knowledge and power.

āyāt 125–127

No one has a better way of life than someone who fully submits to Allāh, acts righteously, and follows the pure monotheism of Ibrāhīm عليه السلام. Allāh indeed chose Ibrāhīm عليه السلام as a close friend. Everything in the heavens and on the earth belongs to Allāh, and Allāh encompasses all things. People ask the Prophet ﷺ for a ruling about women; he should tell them that Allāh gives a ruling about them, and about the orphan girls mentioned in the Book who are not given their due rights but whom people wish to marry, and about oppressed children. He should also ensure that orphans are treated justly, because Allāh knows all the good that anyone does.

āyāt 128–130

If a woman is concerned that her husband may treat her with contempt or avoid her, there is nothing wrong if they reach an agreement between themselves, as reconciliation is always the best path. People often have a natural tendency towards selfishness, but if you act kindly and are mindful of God, then God is fully aware of everything you do. You will never be able to treat wives with perfect equality in your affections, no matter how hard you try, so do not lean entirely towards one, leaving another in a state of uncertainty. If you improve your conduct and remain mindful of God, then God is always Forgiving and Merciful. However, if a couple decides to separate, God will provide for both of them from His vast bounty, for God's provision is all-encompassing and He is full of wisdom.

āyāt 131–133

Everything in the heavens and on earth belongs to Allāh. Allāh has commanded both the previous communities who received scriptures and Prophet Muhammad's ﷺ community to be mindful of Him. If anyone chooses to disbelieve, Allāh remains the Owner of everything in the heavens and on earth, and He is free of all needs and worthy of all praise. Allāh is sufficient as a Guardian of affairs. If He wills, He can remove all people and bring others in their place, for Allāh is fully capable of doing anything He intends.

āyāt 134

If someone seeks only the rewards of this worldly life, they should know that both the rewards of this world and the Hereafter are with Allāh. Allāh is always Hearing of what is said and Seeing of what is done.

āyāt 136

This passage calls out to those who believe, urging them to fully embrace belief in Allāh, in His Messenger, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, in the Book He sent down to him, and in the scriptures He sent down previously. It then states that anyone who rejects belief in Allāh, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day has indeed strayed far from the right path.

āyāt 137–139

This section describes people who repeatedly change their beliefs, moving from faith to disbelief, then back to faith, and finally deepening their disbelief; for such people, God will neither forgive them nor guide them to the right path. It then announces a painful punishment for the hypocrites, who choose disbelievers as allies over believers. This reveals that any honor they seek through such alliances is misguided, because all true honor belongs entirely to God.

āyāt 140–142

This passage instructs believers not to sit with people who deny or mock Allāh's verses until they change the subject, because if you do, you would become like them. Allāh will bring together the hypocrites and disbelievers in Hell. It describes the hypocrites as those who watch the believers, claiming to be with them when they achieve a victory from Allāh, but if the disbelievers succeed, they claim to have protected the disbelievers from the believers. Allāh will be the Judge between everyone on the Day of Resurrection, and He will never give the disbelievers power over the believers. The hypocrites try to deceive Allāh, but He is deceiving them. When they stand for prayer, they do so lazily, only to be seen by people, and they remember Allāh very little.

āyāt 143–145

This passage describes people who waver between the believers and the disbelievers, belonging to neither group. It states that if Allāh guides someone astray, no way will be found for them. Believers are then warned not to take disbelievers as allies instead of believers, asking if they wish to give Allāh a clear argument against themselves. The passage concludes by stating that hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire, and they will find no helper there.

āyāt 146–148

This stretch of āyāt begins by saying that those who repent, reform their ways, cling to God, and dedicate their faith sincerely to Him will be among the believers. God will grant these believers a tremendous reward. It then asks what God would gain by punishing people if they are grateful and believe, for God is always Appreciative and All-Knowing. Finally, it states that God does not approve of people publicly speaking ill of others, unless they have been wronged, and indeed, God is All-Hearing and All-Knowing.

āyāt 149–151

This stretch of āyāt begins by stating that whether you openly do good or keep it private, or if you pardon a wrong, Allāh is always forgiving and powerful. Then, it describes those who disbelieve in Allāh and His messengers, wanting to separate them by saying they believe in some but not others, thereby trying to find a middle path. These people are the true disbelievers, and Allāh has prepared a humiliating punishment for them.

āyāt 152

This passage tells us that those who truly believe in God and all His messengers, without making any distinction between them, will certainly be given their rewards from God. God is always forgiving and merciful.

āyāt 153–155

This passage tells us that the People of the Scripture asked the Prophet ﷺ to bring down a book from the sky, but they had asked Prophet Mūsā عليه السلام for even more, demanding to see Allāh directly, which led to a thunderbolt striking them for their wrongdoings. Even after clear signs, they worshipped the calf, yet Allāh pardoned them and gave Prophet Mūsā عليه السلام clear authority. Allāh also raised the mountain over them as a consequence for breaking their covenant, and commanded them to enter the gate humbly and not transgress on the Sabbath, taking a solemn promise from them. Finally, it mentions that they were condemned for breaking their covenant, disbelieving in Allāh's signs, wrongfully killing prophets, and claiming their hearts were sealed, when in fact, Allāh sealed their hearts because of their disbelief, so only a few would believe.

āyāt 156–158

These verses explain that a reason for earlier people being cursed was their disbelief and their terrible slander against Mary. They also claimed to have killed the Messiah, ʿĪsā ibn Maryam عليه السلام, the messenger of Allāh. However, these verses firmly state that they did not kill him nor crucify him; rather, someone was made to look like him to them. Those who dispute this matter are filled with doubt, having no certain knowledge, only following assumptions. Allāh declares with certainty that they did not kill him, for instead, Allāh raised him up to Himself, and Allāh is always All-Mighty and All-Wise.

āyāt 159

This passage states that every one of the People of the Scripture will certainly believe in ʿĪsā عليه السلام before his death. On the Day of Resurrection, ʿĪsā عليه السلام will be a witness against them regarding their beliefs and actions concerning him.

āyāt 160–162

Because of the Jews' wrongdoing, God forbade certain good foods that were previously lawful for them, and this was also due to their turning many people away from God's path. Furthermore, they took interest despite being forbidden from it and unjustly consumed people's wealth. For the disbelievers among them, God has prepared a painful punishment. However, those among them who are firm in knowledge, along with the believers, affirm what has been revealed to you, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, and what was revealed before you. These include those who establish prayer, give zakāh, and believe in God and the Last Day; to them, God will grant a great reward.

āyāt 163–165

Allāh states that He has revealed to the Prophet ﷺ just as He revealed to Nūḥ عليه السلام and the prophets who came after him. He specifically mentions revealing to Ibrāhīm عليه السلام, Ismāʿīl عليه السلام, Isḥāq عليه السلام, Yaʿqūb عليه السلام, and their descendants, as well as to ʿĪsā عليه السلام, Ayyūb عليه السلام, Yūnus عليه السلام, Hārūn عليه السلام, and Sulaymān عليه السلام. Furthermore, Allāh gave Dāwūd عليه السلام a scripture. Allāh also sent messengers whose stories He has told to the Prophet ﷺ, and other messengers whose stories He has not told, and Allāh spoke directly to Mūsā عليه السلام. These messengers were sent to bring good news and to warn people, so that humanity would have no excuse against Allāh after they received His message. Allāh is always Almighty and Wise.

āyāt 166–168

Allāh Himself testifies to what He has revealed to the Prophet ﷺ, sending it down with His profound knowledge, and the angels also bear witness to it. Allāh is truly sufficient as a witness. Those who reject faith and actively turn others away from Allāh's path have indeed wandered far off the right way. As for those who disbelieve and act unjustly, Allāh will never forgive them, nor will He guide them to any path.

āyāt 169–171

The path to Hell leads to an eternal stay, which is always easy for Allāh. O humanity, the Messenger ﷺ has brought the truth from your Lord; it is better for you to believe, but if you do not, then everything in the heavens and earth belongs to Allāh, who is Knowing and Wise. O People of the Scripture, do not go to extremes in your religion or say anything about Allāh except the truth: the Messiah, Jesus عليه السلام, son of Mary, was only a messenger of Allāh, His word, and a soul from Him. So believe in Allāh and His messengers, and do not say there are three gods; desist, for it is better for you, as Allāh is but one God, far above having a son, and to Him belongs all in the heavens and on earth. Allāh is sufficient as a Disposer of affairs.

āyāt 172–174

The Messiah would never consider himself too great to be a servant of God, and neither would the angels close to God. But anyone who disdains God's worship and acts arrogantly will be gathered by God to Himself. Those who believed and did good deeds will receive their full rewards, with extra from God's immense generosity. However, those who disdained and were arrogant will face a painful punishment and will find no protector or helper besides God. O humanity, a clear proof has come to you from your Lord, and a clear light has been sent down to you.

āyāt 175–176

Those who believe in Allāh and hold fast to Him will be admitted by Him to His mercy and bounty, and He will guide them to Himself on a straight path. People ask the Prophet ﷺ for a legal ruling. He ﷺ is to tell them that Allāh gives a ruling concerning a person who dies leaving no direct descendants or ascendants: if a man dies with no child but a sister, she receives half of what he left, and he inherits from her if she has no child. If there are two or more sisters, they receive two-thirds of what he left, and if there are both brothers and sisters, the male gets the share of two females. Allāh makes these laws clear so people do not go astray, and Allāh knows all things.