The companions رضي الله عنهم

ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb رضي الله عنه

عمر بن الخطاب

One of the strongest men of Quraysh, an enemy of the call until he read Sūrah Ṭā Hā in his sister's house.

Where they appear

1. Going public — and the persecution

   Accepted Islam in the sixth year of the call; the believers prayed openly at the Kaʿbah for the first time after it.

2. The Hijrah — migration to Madinah

   Migrated openly, challenging Quraysh to stop him; fought at Badr and Uḥud.

3. Conquest, completion and farewell

   Objected at al-Ḥudaybiyah, then recognised the treaty as the victory the Qur'an called it.

How it ended

Became the second caliph; killed while praying in 23 AH.

ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm, al-Mubārakpūrī; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 3863