AyaSeerah
All threads

After the battles

These encounters are discussed in the Qur'an: help from Allah, obedience, losses, fear, peace and repentance.

  1. Badr

    Some of the believers had set out expecting only to intercept an undefended caravan, and were uneasy on realizing an armed relief force had arrived instead; the āyah compares their reluctance to face the Makkan army with their dissatisfaction over the division of spoils, emphasizing that Allah's command in both cases was for their ultimate good.

    Sleep, ordinarily a sign of weakness, became a mercy here because Allah made it a source of calm rather than vulnerability — the same event can be harm or provision depending on when and how it is sent.

    Al-Anfāl 8:1–19Read the year

  2. Uḥud

    Seeing the apparent Muslim success and the enemy fleeing, most of the fifty archers, forty according to the account, left their position for the spoils of war despite ʿAbdullāh ibn Jubayr's warning and the Prophet's earlier order; only he and nine men remained in place. Khālid ibn al-Walīd , still fighting for at this stage, used the gap to bring his cavalry around behind the Muslim lines.

    The command to consult () followed a battle whose plan itself had come from consultation, and where the outcome had been costly; the āyah insists consultation continues regardless of outcome.

    Āl ʿImrān 3:121–180Read the year

  3. The Trench

    The hypocrites mocked the promise of Persia and Rome, saying that Allah and His Messenger had promised them nothing but delusion. Some called on the people of Yathrib to go home, and some asked to leave, saying their houses were exposed, though they were not; Allah says they only wanted to run away. These words are recorded in 33:12–13.

    The 'hosts you did not see' refers specifically to the angels Allah sent to shake and demoralize the confederates, sent alongside the fierce wind that overturned their camp.

    Al-Aḥzāb 33:9–27Read the year

  4. The Treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyah

    sent Suhayl ibn ʿAmr to make peace. The terms were: the Muslims would return this year and come back next year for three days only, with swords sheathed; there would be no war for ten years; anyone who came from Quraysh to Muḥammad without his guardian's permission would be returned, but anyone who went from him to Quraysh would not; and any tribe could ally with either side. Khuzāʿah then joined the Prophet's side, and Banū Bakr joined Quraysh.

    The victory was the Treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyah itself. Although some companions disliked its terms, Allah named it a victory because of the benefits and good results that peace would bring.

    Al-Fatḥ 48:1–29Read the year

  5. Ḥunayn

    They reached Ḥunayn on the night of the tenth of Shawwāl. ibn ʿAwf had hidden his men in the valley. As the Muslims went down in the dark before dawn, arrows poured on them and the enemy charged, and the army broke and fled. The Prophet turned to the right and called, 'Come to me, people! I am the Messenger of Allah, Muḥammad son of ʿAbdullāh.' Only a few Emigrants and relatives stayed. He urged his mule towards the enemy saying, 'I am the Prophet, no lie; I am the son of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib.' Abū Sufyān ibn al-Ḥārith held the reins and al-ʿAbbās the stirrup. He got down and prayed, 'O Allah, send down Your help.'

    Al-ʿAbbās , who had a loud voice, called out at his command for the people of the pledge under the tree. They turned back, he said, like cows returning to their calves, answering, 'Here we are.' Those who could not turn their camels jumped down with their weapons and ran towards the voice. A hundred gathered and fought, then the , then Banū al-Ḥārith ibn al-Khazraj. The Prophet said, 'Now the fighting is fierce,' threw a handful of dust at the enemy's faces, and within hours they were defeated. Seventy of Thaqīf alone were killed. Allah describes it in 9:25–26: they were proud of their numbers, which did not help them, the earth closed in on them, and then Allah sent down calm on His Messenger and the believers, and soldiers they did not see.

    At-Tawbah 9:25–27Read the year

  6. Tabūk and the three who stayed behind

    'Light or heavy' is explained by the Companions in various ways — young or old, rich or poor, willing or reluctant — all pointing to a general command that excuses grounded merely in personal preference were not accepted for this expedition.

    The three are named as Kaʿb ibn , Murārah ibn al-Rabīʿ, and Hilāl ibn Umayyah; unlike the hypocrites who swore false excuses and were readily believed outwardly, these three told the truth and bore the full consequence of a fifty-night social boycott before their repentance was accepted.

    The verse is cited as a proof that truthfulness, even when costly, is the path that leads to Allāh's acceptance, while convenient falsehood — however much it spares one in the short term — does not.

    At-Tawbah 9:38–59, 9:117–119Read the year

Sources and connection notes

These accounts reuse the existing sourced lessons. A book reference does not by itself establish an occasion of revelation; no firm year is assigned here where a year is not shown.

  • Badr

    Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm

    • Paragraph 1: Ibn Kathīr on 8:5–6
    • Paragraph 2: Al-Saʿdī on 8:11

    Where in ar-Raḥīq: Ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm cites this passage in 4 sections (listed below).

    Why it belongs: The cited sources connect this event to this passage, which is why it belongs to the thread's pattern. The year shown is the one the sources fix.

  • Uḥud

    Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm

    • Paragraph 1: ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Military Activities between Badr and Uḥud. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/19/al-kudr-invasion; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — The Battle of Uḥud (recovered chapter, site chapter 178; originally catalogued as chapter 20, which currently 404s). https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/178/a-consultation-assembly-for-a-defence-plan; Sahih al-Bukhari, hadith 4037 — killing of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4037; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4075 — care for the wounds of the Prophet ﷺ. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4075; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4072 — Waḥshī’s رضي الله عنه later account of killing Ḥamzah رضي الله عنه. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4072; Qur'an, Surah Aal Imran 3:121-180 — the Qur'anic review of Uhud. https://quran.com/al-imran/121-180; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 3039 — the archers’ instructions. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3039; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1791 — injuries at Uḥud. https://sunnah.com/muslim:1791
    • Paragraph 2: Ibn Kathīr on 3:159

    Where in ar-Raḥīq: Ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm cites this passage in 8 sections (listed below).

    Why it belongs: The cited sources connect this event to this passage, which is why it belongs to the thread's pattern. The year shown is the one the sources fix.

  • The Trench

    Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm

    • Paragraph 1: ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Al-Aḥzāb (the Confederates) Invasion. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/22/al-ahzab-the-confederates-invasion-22-22-22-22/; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Invading Banū Qurayẓah; Military Activities Continued. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/23/invading-banu-quraiza/; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4101 — Jābir's رضي الله عنه meal at the trench. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4101; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 596 — ʿAṣr prayed after sunset on the day of the trench. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:596; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4115 — the supplication against the confederates. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4115; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1788 — Ḥudhayfah's رضي الله عنه night mission. https://sunnah.com/muslim:1788; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 946 — ʿAṣr on the way to Banū Qurayẓah. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:946; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4121 — Saʿd's رضي الله عنه judgement. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4121; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 3803 — the Throne shook at Saʿd's رضي الله عنه death. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3803; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4039 — the mission against Abū Rāfiʿ. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4039; Sūrat al-Aḥzāb 33:9–27 — the siege, the hypocrites and Banū Qurayẓah. https://quran.com/33/9-27
    • Paragraph 2: Ibn Kathīr on 33:9–10

    Where in ar-Raḥīq: Ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm cites this passage in 2 sections (listed below).

    Why it belongs: The cited sources connect this event to this passage, which is why it belongs to the thread's pattern. The year shown is the one the sources fix.

  • The Treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyah

    Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4177; Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr

    • Paragraph 1: ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Banū Liḥyān; Expeditions and Delegations Continued. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/24/bani-lihyan-invasion/; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Banū al-Muṣṭaliq; the hypocrites; The Slander Affair. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/25/the-slander-affair/; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Delegations and Expeditions following al-Muraysīʿ. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/26/delegations-and-expeditions-following-al-muraisi-ghazwah/; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Al-Ḥudaybiyah Treaty: Socio-Political Impact. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/27/al-hudaibiya-treaty-socio-political-impact/; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4372 — Thumāmah ibn Uthāl. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4372; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4361 — the Army of al-Khabaṭ. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4361; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 233 — the men of ʿUraynah. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:233; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4905 — Ibn Ubayy's words on the return. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4905; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4750 — ʿĀʾishah's رضي الله عنها account of the slander. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4750; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 2731 — the treaty of Ḥudaybiyah, Abū Jandal and Abū Baṣīr. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:2731; Sūrat an-Nūr 24:11–20; Sūrat al-Fatḥ 48:1–29; Sūrat al-Mumtaḥanah 60:10. https://quran.com/48
    • Paragraph 2: Ibn Kathīr on 48:1 (Quran.com)

    Where in ar-Raḥīq: Ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm cites this passage in 2 sections (listed below).

    Why it belongs: The cited sources connect this event to this passage, which is why it belongs to the thread's pattern. The year shown is the one the sources fix.

  • Ḥunayn

    Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm

    • Paragraph 1: ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — The Battle of Muʾtah. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/33/the-compensatory-umrah-lesser-pilgrimage/; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Dhāt as-Salāsil; Khaḍirah; The Conquest of Makkah. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/34/dhat-as-salasil-compaign/; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Pre-conquest events; Preparations for Makkah. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/35/pre-conquest-events/; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Ḥunayn, Ṭāʾif and al-Jiʿrānah. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/36/the-enemys-march-and-their-encampment-at-awtas/; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4261 — the three commanders named for Muʾtah. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4261; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4262 — the Prophet ﷺ announces the commanders' deaths. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4262; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4265 — nine swords broke in Khālid's رضي الله عنه hand. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4265; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4274 — Ḥāṭib's رضي الله عنه letter. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4274; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4287 — the idols around the Kaʿbah. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4287; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 1834 — the sanctity of Makkah. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1834; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1775 — al-ʿAbbās رضي الله عنه calls the Companions back at Ḥunayn. https://sunnah.com/muslim:1775; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4330 — the Anṣār رضي الله عنهم and the spoils of Ḥunayn. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4330; Sūrat at-Tawbah 9:25–27 — Ḥunayn. https://quran.com/9/25-27
    • Paragraph 2: ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — The Battle of Muʾtah. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/33/the-compensatory-umrah-lesser-pilgrimage/; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Dhāt as-Salāsil; Khaḍirah; The Conquest of Makkah. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/34/dhat-as-salasil-compaign/; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Pre-conquest events; Preparations for Makkah. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/35/pre-conquest-events/; ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm — Ḥunayn, Ṭāʾif and al-Jiʿrānah. https://seerah.gtaf.org/books/1/chapters/36/the-enemys-march-and-their-encampment-at-awtas/; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4261 — the three commanders named for Muʾtah. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4261; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4262 — the Prophet ﷺ announces the commanders' deaths. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4262; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4265 — nine swords broke in Khālid's رضي الله عنه hand. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4265; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4274 — Ḥāṭib's رضي الله عنه letter. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4274; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4287 — the idols around the Kaʿbah. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4287; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 1834 — the sanctity of Makkah. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1834; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 1775 — al-ʿAbbās رضي الله عنه calls the Companions back at Ḥunayn. https://sunnah.com/muslim:1775; Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4330 — the Anṣār رضي الله عنهم and the spoils of Ḥunayn. https://sunnah.com/bukhari:4330; Sūrat at-Tawbah 9:25–27 — Ḥunayn. https://quran.com/9/25-27

    Where in ar-Raḥīq: Ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm cites this passage in one section (listed below).

    Why it belongs: The cited sources connect this event to this passage, which is why it belongs to the thread's pattern. The year shown is the one the sources fix.

  • Tabūk and the three who stayed behind

    Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4418; Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr

    • Paragraph 1: Ibn Kathīr on 9:41
    • Paragraph 2: Ibn Kathīr on 9:118
    • Paragraph 3: Al-Saʿdī on 9:118

    Where in ar-Raḥīq: Ar-Raḥīq al-Makhtūm cites this passage in 2 sections (listed below).

    Why it belongs: The cited sources connect this event to this passage, which is why it belongs to the thread's pattern. The year shown is the one the sources fix.

Next threadEarlier prophets as mirrors
Home (you are here)